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Earlier research focused on individual pathways or specific developmental stages; however, recent advances now support an integrated understanding of heat stress adaptation in rice. This review synthesizes emerging insights into molecular physiology, regulatory signaling, epigenetic memory, and genome\u2010scale variation associated with thermotolerance. We highlight the interconnected roles of calcium reactive oxygen species signaling, heat shock transcription factor networks, translational regulation, and chromatin\u2010based stress memory in shaping reproductive\u2010stage tolerance and maintaining grain quality under elevated temperatures. The review also emphasizes the value of pangenome analyses and structural variant discovery for identifying heat\u2010responsive genes and regulatory elements absent from single\u2010reference genomes. In addition, genome\u2010wide association studies, haplotype\u2010based breeding, genomic selection, and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)\u2010based genome editing are discussed as promising approaches for functional validation and deployment of favorable alleles controlling polygenic heat resilience. Despite these advances, several challenges continue to hinder translation into breeding\u2010ready outcomes, including limited field\u2010based validation of candidate genes, poor integration of multi\u2010omics datasets into predictive breeding frameworks, and insufficient understanding of reproductive\u2010stage regulatory networks. Furthermore, genotype \u00d7 environment interactions, together with trade\u2010offs among yield, grain quality, and stress resilience, strongly influence the stability and transferability of thermotolerance traits across diverse agroecological environments. By integrating mechanistic insights with genome\u2010scale diversity and predictive breeding tools, this review outlines a genomics\u2010enabled roadmap for developing heat\u2010resilient rice cultivars under intensifying global warming and supporting sustainable global rice production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:38:28Z","timestamp":1784284708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular insights and translational opportunities to enhance heat tolerance in rice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center  Baton Rouge Louisiana 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