{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:55:18Z","timestamp":1790571318215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3060\u201021000\u2010046\u2010000\u2010D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3060\u201021000\u2010046\u2010000\u2010D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that severely impacts global wheat (\n                    <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) production. Sumai 3, a wheat cultivar widely used in breeding programs for its strong FHB resistance, has not been fully resolved at the chromosome level. Here, we present a high\u2010quality chromosome\u2010scale assembly of Sumai 3 using PacBio HiFi reads and chromosome conformation capture sequencing. The 14.6 Gb assembly consists of 832 contigs, with the longest contig being 245.2 Mb and a contig N50 of 41.90 Mb, which were scaffolded into 21 pseudomolecules.\n                    <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    annotation identified 104,620 high\u2010confidence protein\u2010coding genes and found 92.67% of the genome to consist of repetitive sequences. Synteny analysis showed strong collinearity between Sumai 3 and the wheat reference sequence Chinese Spring IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 (CS). Structural variant analysis identified chromosome 2A with the highest number of deletions (2773) and insertions (2645), while chromosome 3B had the most inversions (359). Duplications were most frequent on 2A (337), and contractions on 5B (122). The gene content of the major resistance quantitative trait loci on 3B,\n                    <jats:italic>Fhb1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , largely validates previous annotations for CS, although we discovered two new genes at approximately 12.4 Mb, including an additional copy of a terpene synthase, further suggesting homology with CS 3D over 3B. Differential expression analysis highlighted up\u2010regulation of three genes coding pore\u2010forming toxin\u2010like protein, sina superfamily protein, and plastid\u2010lipid\u2010associated proteins potentially involved in FHB resistance. This assembly provides critical insights into FHB resistance and offers a valuable genomic resource for wheat breeding programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:24:27Z","timestamp":1786425867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chromosome\u2010scale assembly of wheat cultivar Sumai 3, a major germplasm source for Fusarium head blight resistance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5450-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubylyn D.","family":"Mijan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota USA"},{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Improvement Research Unit Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bikash","family":"Poudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota USA"},{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Improvement Research Unit Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sittal","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota USA"},{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Improvement Research Unit Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatayo","family":"Ajayi\u2010Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Improvement Research Unit Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center  Fargo North Dakota USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0801-5093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raz","family":"Avni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)  Seeland Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7000-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit Western Regional Research Center  Albany California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Spannagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Crop &amp; Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6373-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Mascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)  Seeland Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Crop &amp; Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Maughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7736-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Improvement Research Unit Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.121637.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20102836(05)80360\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"FastQC: A quality control tool for high throughput sequence data","author":"Andrews S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010024\u201003198\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010022\u201001022\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giac034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PD-78-0760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Bandi V. &Gutwin C.(2020).Interactive exploration of genomic conservation. InProceedings of the 46th graphics interface conference on proceedings of graphics interface 2020 (GI\u201920) (pp.74\u201383).Canadian Human\u2010Computer Communications Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"North Dakota agricultural statistics","author":"Beard L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870\u2010019\u20101782\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100523.2008.01550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122\u2010006\u20100249\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010023\u201002914\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026090626994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2016.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122\u2010024\u201004730\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122\u2010015\u20102586\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122\u2010023\u201004380\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100426\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Fusarium head blight in 2011: An overview","author":"Lilleboe D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010025\u201002137\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142\u2010005\u20100007\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597\u2010024\u201003527\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010014\u20100550\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.5.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100381\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koab077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS\u201003\u201012\u20100291\u2010FE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100523.1995.tb00816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9121702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2019.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07060668609501818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010019\u20101899\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201053710\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100\u2010019\u20100193\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20103059.1995.tb02773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/qpb.2021.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","unstructured":"Pumphrey M. O.(2007).Towards map\u2010based cloning of Fusarium head blight resistance QTL Fhb1 and non\u2010additive expression of homoeologous genes in allohexaploid wheat[Doctoral dissertation Kansas State University]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248\u2010019\u201001426\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO\u201008\u201014\u20100215\u2010R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsab008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","first-page":"831","article-title":"Factors affecting resistance of wheat to scab caused by Gibberella zeae","volume":"53","author":"Schroeder H. W.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.cbb.20200802.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","unstructured":"Smit A. F. A. 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