{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:55:12Z","timestamp":1790571312589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Barley (\n                    <jats:italic>Hordeum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) is an important crop in the world, and its seed dormancy is primarily controlled by a mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase kinase 3 (\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene. Although kinase activity of\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its roles in barley post\u2010domestication have been widely studied, the pre\u2010domestication evolution of\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the spread of nondormant alleles among global barley varieties remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences in barley and its wild progenitor (\n                    <jats:italic>Hordeum spontaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                    K. Koch) and identified two polymorphic miniature inverted\u2010repeat transposable elements\u00a0(MITEs). Comparative analyses indicated that the insertions\/excision of the MITEs predated the current estimates of barley domestication. Examination of the barley pangenomes coupled with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction revealed extensive copy number variation of\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and suggested that transposons likely contributed to tandem amplification of the\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene on chromosome 5H. Additionally, approximately 1\u2010Kb\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences were found on chromosomes 1H and 6H. Further analysis indicated that these short\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences were captured by a CACTA transposon that also contained fragments from four other expressed genes. The acquisition of\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    was estimated to be between 1.9 and 2.5 million years ago. Together, these findings illuminate the dynamic pre\u2010domestication evolution of the\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and identify three divergent\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotype groups including a unique lineage predominant in Ethiopian germplasm. This study highlights the contribution of transposons to structural diversification and evolutionary differentiation of the\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus and provides helpful information for understanding the complex history of\n                    <jats:italic>MKK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in barley and also for improving preharvest sprouting tolerant varieties under distinct natural conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:21:56Z","timestamp":1788322916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic and evolutionary analysis reveals dynamic variations of\n                    <i>MKK3<\/i>\n                    gene, a key regulator for seed dormancy in barley"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lydia G.","family":"Tressel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit Aberdeen Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Caspersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit Aberdeen Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Walling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit Aberdeen Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120213-092359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2009.06.0334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4693-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syv035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Tourist\u2014A large family of small inverted repeat elements frequently associated with maize genes","volume":"4","author":"Bureau T. 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