{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:55:18Z","timestamp":1790571318880,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hatch Project OKL03255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hatch Project OKL03255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009496","name":"Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    African bermudagrass (\n                    <jats:italic>Cynodon transvaalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Burtt\u2010Davy) is a key parent species used to produce interspecific hybrid bermudagrass (\n                    <jats:italic>Cynodon dactylon<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00d7\n                    <jats:italic>C. transvaalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Due to the increasing use of non\u2010potable water for landscape irrigation, salt stress has become a major concern in the turfgrass industry. While variation in salt tolerance is known within bermudagrass, the molecular basis of this trait is not well understood, particularly in African bermudagrass. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with salt tolerance in African bermudagrass. The first\u2010generation selfed (S\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) population derived from African bermudagrass genotype OKC1163 was evaluated for salt stress response in controlled\u2010environment conditions in 2024 and 2025. Phenotypic data for visual leaf firing and percent green cover were collected weekly. Using a preexisting high\u2010density linkage map, 15 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salt response were identified on seven linkage groups. Four QTLs were consistently identified as associated with salt response across years. A total of 1261 upregulated genes, 150 upregulated metabolites, and 60 upregulated lipids were identified under salt stress using the genotype OKC1163. Combining genomic and omics analyses, several candidate genes were identified to be involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid and maltose, alteration of the salicylic acid signaling pathway, and the ABC (ATP\u2010binding cassette) transporter pathway. The results of this study elucidated the molecular mechanisms of African bermudagrass response to salt stress and provide a foundation for future marker\u2010assisted selection and gene function validation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.70302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:58:52Z","timestamp":1789963132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010omics insights into salinity tolerance in African bermudagrass"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Prabha","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2955-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingying","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0802-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant and Soil Sciences Department Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Cevallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fontanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2020.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9100466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02968.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.126.3.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48130\/GR\u20102023\u20100025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"A history of turf research at Tifton","volume":"29","author":"Burton G. W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"United States Golf Association Green Section Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2379-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05961-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/22331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13963-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpb.2020.100147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12899"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1077503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.3.3.5536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438\u2010021\u201000519\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcp051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1983.00021962007500060017x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"Eudy D.(2016).Genetic control of salt tolerance traits in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.)[Doctoral dissertation].University of Georgia."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-018-1275-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2024.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1086-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2022.104864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz931"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/701596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00128325.1970.11662465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00011639"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.137.3.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1799-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2017.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2014.870411"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2021.104513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf040048m"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-015-0028-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-023-04313-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","volume-title":"New Java program to rapidly quantify several turfgrass parameters from digital images","author":"Karcher D. E.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"Kassambara A. &Kassambara M. A.(2019).Package \u2018ggcorrplot\u2019 (R Package Version 0.1) [Computer software].CRAN."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-018-1323-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-21625-1.00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2017.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-004-1783-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-014-0227-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.124.3.1315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1961.00021962005300040012x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-024-11420-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10535-012-0144-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2006.01.0027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-021-00970-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(02)02312-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","volume-title":"NTEP turfgrass evaluation guidelines","author":"Morris K. N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2005.01487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13010174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-023-04358-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12122367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-024-04752-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2025).R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.http:\/\/www.Rproject.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-017-0186-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjar.v33i4.2284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-022-03930-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.21412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-02939-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-011-1403-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-010-0878-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-010-0052-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Out of Africa: A new look at \u201cAfrican\u201d bermudagrass","volume":"30","author":"Taliaferro C. M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"United States Golf Association Green Section Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcg058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","volume-title":"MapQTL 6: Software for the mapping of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations of diploid species","author":"Van Ooijen J. W.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/93.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-020-02330-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.130.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6508-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI10773-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH03975-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10100829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.20073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.21227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.20849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-010-0939-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1269286"}],"container-title":["The Plant Genome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tpg2.70302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/tpg2.70302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tpg2.70302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1790568106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tpg2.70302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tpg2.70302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tpg2.70302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-3372","1940-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-3372","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70302"}}