{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:25:40Z","timestamp":1790695540826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":290,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&amp;D Transl Res &amp; Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive impairment is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. However, motor decline has been recently described as a prodromal state that can help to detect at\u2010risk individuals. Similarly, sensory changes, sleep and behavior disturbances, and frailty have been associated with higher risk of developing dementia. These clinical findings, together with the recognition that AD pathology precedes the diagnosis by many years, raises the possibility that non\u2010cognitive changes may be early and non\u2010invasive markers for AD or, even more provocatively, that treating non\u2010cognitive aspects may help to prevent or treat AD and related dementias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A subcommittee of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia reviewed areas of emerging evidence for non\u2010cognitive markers of dementia. We examined the literature for five non\u2010cognitive domains associated with future dementia: motor, sensory (hearing, vision, olfaction), neuro\u2010behavioral, frailty, and sleep. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to assign the strength of the evidence and quality of the recommendations. We provide recommendations to primary care clinics and to specialized memory clinics, answering the following main questions: (1) What are the non\u2010cognitive and functional changes associated with risk of developing dementia? and (2) What is the evidence that sensory, motor, behavioral, sleep, and frailty markers can serve as potential predictors of dementia?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence supported that gait speed, dual\u2010task gait speed, grip strength, frailty, neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep measures, and hearing loss are predictors of dementia. There was insufficient evidence for recommending assessing olfactory and vision impairments as a predictor of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010cognitive markers can assist in identifying people at risk for cognitive decline or dementia. These non\u2010cognitive markers may represent prodromal symptoms and several of them are potentially amenable to treatment that might delay the onset of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T07:43:45Z","timestamp":1602920625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["CCCDTD5 recommendations on early non cognitive markers of dementia: A Canadian consensus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Montero\u2010Odasso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gait and Brain Laboratory Parkwood Institute Lawson Health Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Pieruccini\u2010Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gait and Brain Laboratory Parkwood Institute Lawson Health Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahinoor","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences and Community Health Sciences Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Human Development Concordia University  Montreal Quebec 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