{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:40:05Z","timestamp":1787582405878,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":200,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&amp;D Transl Res &amp; Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed for anxiety and agitations, which are early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). It is unclear whether BZDs causally affect ADRD risk or are prescribed in response to early symptoms of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We replicate prior case\u2010control studies using longitudinal Medicare claims. To mitigate bias from prodromal use, we compare rates of ADRD diagnosis for beneficiaries exposed and unexposed to BZDs for cervical\/lumbar pain, stenosis, and sciatica, none of which are associated with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 8% of Medicare beneficiaries used a BZD in 2007, increasing to nearly 13% by 2013. Estimates from case\u2010control designs are sensitive to duration of look\u2010back period, health histories, medication use, and exclusion of decedents. Incident BZD use is not associated with an increased risk of dementia in an \u201cuncontaminated\u201d sample of beneficiaries prescribed a BZD for pain (odds ratios (ORs) of 1.007 [95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.885, 1.146] and 0.986 [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.877, 1.108], respectively, in the 2013 and 2013 to 2015 pooled samples). Higher levels of BZD exposure (&gt;365 days over a 2\u2010year period) are associated with increased odds of a dementia diagnosis, but the results are not statistically significant at the 5% or 10% levels (1.190 [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.925, 1.531] and 1.167 [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.919, 1.483]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find little evidence of a causal relation between BZD use and dementia risk. Nonetheless, providers should limit the extended use in elderly populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T07:01:49Z","timestamp":1658300509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Benzodiazepine use and the risk of dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Joyce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California (USC) Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"},{"name":"USC School of Pharmacy  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ferido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California (USC) Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Thunell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California (USC) Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Tysinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California (USC) Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"},{"name":"USC Price School of Public Policy  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Zissimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California (USC) Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"},{"name":"USC Price School of Public Policy  Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015746"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.3783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Pragmatic Evaluation of Events and Benefits of Lipid\u2010lowering in Older Adults (PREVENTABLE). ClinicalTrials.gov.https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04262206Published February 10 2020 Updated March 19 2021. Accessed April 12 2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098616658399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0580"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767"},{"issue":"137","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physician office visits at which benzodiazepines were prescribed: findings from 2014\u20102016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey","author":"Santo L","year":"2020","journal-title":"National Health Statistics Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181a65210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181e049ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2011-200314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2015.1014796"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0319-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0305-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.FDA requiring Boxed Warning updated to improve safe use of benzodiazepine drug class. Published September 23 2020. Accessed October 11 2020.https:\/\/www\u2010fda\u2010gov.libproxy2.usc.edu\/drugs\/drug\u2010safety\u2010and\u2010availability\/fda\u2010requiring\u2010boxed\u2010warning\u2010updated\u2010improve\u2010safe\u2010use\u2010benzodiazepine\u2010drug\u2010class"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22106"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Translational Research &amp; Clinical Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/trc2.12309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/trc2.12309","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/trc2.12309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:21:43Z","timestamp":1761495703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/trc2.12309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/trc2.12309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/trc2.12309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8737","2352-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8737","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12309"}}