{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:37:43Z","timestamp":1792402663990,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM109025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS093334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS093334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG053798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG053798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20AG068053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20AG068053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35AG71476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35AG71476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Drugs that prevent the onset, slow progression, or improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for all current Phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical trials for AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) attributed to AD. We created an automated computational database platform to search, archive, organize, and analyze the derived data. The Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) was used to identify treatment targets and drug mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n On the index date of January 1, 2023, there were 187 trials assessing 141 unique treatments for AD. Phase 3 included 36 agents in 55 trials; 87 agents were in 99 Phase 2 trials; and Phase 1 had 31 agents in 33 trials. Disease\u2010modifying therapies were the most common drugs comprising 79% of drugs in trials. Twenty\u2010eight percent of candidate therapies are repurposed agents. Populating all current Phase 1, 2, and 3 trials will require 57,465 participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n The AD drug development pipeline is advancing agents directed at a variety of target processes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n HIGHLIGHTS<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n There are currently 187 trials assessing 141 drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Drugs in the AD pipeline address a variety of pathological processes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n More than 57,000 participants will be required to populate all currently registered trials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T07:00:21Z","timestamp":1684998021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":378,"title":["Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2023"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Cummings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Health Chambers\u2010Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience School of Integrated Health Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Las Vegas Nevada USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Las Vegas Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garam","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Health School of Integrated Health Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Las Vegas Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Health Chambers\u2010Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience School of Integrated Health Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Las Vegas Nevada USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Las Vegas Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feixiong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12694"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"32205","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"0140","author":"Scheltens P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-023-00001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08272-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05273-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217750088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00813-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0529-5"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12407","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000}}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/trc2.12385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1761471150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/trc2.12385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/trc2.12385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/trc2.12385","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8737","2352-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8737","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12385"}}