{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:07:12Z","timestamp":1793128032524,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG067541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG067541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24AG063718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24AG063718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARGD\u201019\u2010619832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARGD\u201019\u2010619832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USPOINTER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USPOINTER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&amp;D Transl Res &amp; Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>There is a dearth of research on cognitive aging and dementia in Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, who are the fourth largest Asian subgroup in the United States. The National Institutes of Health is mandated to make certain that racially and ethnically diverse populations are included in clinical research. Despite the widespread recognition to ensure that research findings can be generalizable to all groups, there are no estimates of the prevalence or incidence of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in Vietnamese Americans, nor do we understand ADRD risk and protective factors in this group. In this article, we posit that studying Vietnamese Americans contributes to a better understanding of ADRD in general and offers unique opportunities for elucidating life course and sociocultural factors that contribute to cognitive aging disparities. That is, the unique context of Vietnamese Americans may provide understanding in terms of within\u2010group heterogeneity and key factors in ADRD and cognitive aging. Here, we provide a brief history of Vietnamese American immigration and describe the large but often ignored heterogeneity of Asian Americans in the United States, elucidate how early life adversity and stress might influence late\u2010life cognitive aging, and provide a basis for the role of sociocultural and health factors in the study of Vietnamese cognitive aging disparities. Research with older Vietnamese Americans provides a unique and timely opportunity to more fully delineate the factors that contribute to ADRD disparities for all populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T01:49:55Z","timestamp":1684979395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inclusion of Vietnamese Americans: Opportunities to understand dementia disparities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1093-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oanh L.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Ta","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka M.","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Tomaszewski","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladson","family":"Hinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quyen Q.","family":"Tiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University  Emeryville California USA"},{"name":"National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division VA Palo Alto Health Care System  Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quyen","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Children Assistance Network (ICAN)  San Jose California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Resources Inc. (ARI)  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Pew Research Center.Future immigration will change the face of America by 2065.2015.https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2015\/10\/05\/future-immigration-will-change-the-face-of-america-by-2065\/#:~:text=A%20snapshot%20of%20the%20United new%20Pew%20Research%20Center%20projections"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. In US Office of Management Budget editor.1997.https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/omb\/fedreg_1997standards"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182a2e32f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000189"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.3550"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-9.4.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-011-9245-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"RunesC.What's behind the wealth gap in Asian American and Pacific islander communities?2018.https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban\u2010wire\/whats\u2010behind\u2010wealth\u2010gap\u2010asian\u2010american\u2010and\u2010pacific\u2010islander\u2010communities]"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"BudmanA RuizNG.Key facts about Asian Americans a diverse and growing population.Pew Research Center.2021.https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short\u2010reads\/2021\/04\/29\/key\u2010facts\u2010about\u2010asian\u2010americans\/#:~:text=Chinese%20Americans%20are%20the%20largest (or%204.2%20million%20people)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0314-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429047916"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230612099"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","volume-title":"Straddling two social worlds: the experience of Vietnamese refugee children in the United States","author":"Zhou M","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"Vietnamese immigrants in the United States: Migration Policy Institute;2014.https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/vietnamese\u2010immigrants\u2010united\u2010states\u20102012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318278b607"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"BartlettJ SacksV.Adverse childhood experiences are different than child trauma and it's critical to understand why 2019.https:\/\/www.childtrends.org\/blog\/adverse\u2010childhood\u2010experiences\u2010different\u2010than\u2010child\u2010trauma\u2010critical\u2010to\u2010understand\u2010why#:~:text=Trauma%20is%20one%20possible%20outcome emotionally%2C%20physically%2C%20or%20both"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-015-0257-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"992","article-title":"Dementia caregiver intervention development and adaptation in the Vietnamese American community: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Meyer OL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dementia (London, England)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/aap0000024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Differential acculturation among Vietnamese refugees","volume":"35","author":"Matsuoka J","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soc Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038072"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181e9b9a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt126"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","unstructured":"Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. Geneva:World Health Organization.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000429178.14354.67","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic treatment and prevention strategies for dementia","volume":"19","author":"Yaffe K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-017-0955-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","volume-title":"CHIS 2007 adult public use file","author":"California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Cigarette smoking among adults\u2010 United States, 2006","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"2007","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0889-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-013-9745-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","unstructured":"Status of Vietnamese Health Santa Clara County California 2011.2011.https:\/\/publichealth.sccgov.org\/sites\/g\/files\/exjcpb916\/files\/vha\u2010full\u20102011.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31828124ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005597"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010744"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008651"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-015-0257-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-017-0634-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","volume-title":"Assimilation in American life","author":"Gordon M","year":"1964"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of acculturation: issues and overview of measures","volume":"8","author":"Celenk O","year":"2011","journal-title":"ORPC"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461506066989"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14806"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721418778201"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721418778198"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2021.1926426"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01736-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003881"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/swr005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-018-00612-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association.Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures in California2009.https:\/\/www.alz.org\/CAdata\/FullReport2009.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","unstructured":"Pew Research Center.Key findings about U.S. immigrants: Pew Research Center;2017.http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact\u2010tank\/2017\/05\/03\/key\u2010findings\u2010about\u2010u\u2010s\u2010immigrants\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2016.1182955"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Translational Research &amp; Clinical Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/trc2.12392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T09:32:14Z","timestamp":1761471134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/trc2.12392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/trc2.12392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/trc2.12392","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8737","2352-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8737","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12392"}}