{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:50:17Z","timestamp":1775868617401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/X005437\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X005437\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&amp;amp;D Transl Res &amp;amp; Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Depression is a major modifiable risk factor for dementia, yet most prediction models treat it as a homogeneous exposure, despite evidence that risk varies among people with depression. This study aimed to identify key modifiers of the depression\u2013dementia association to inform the development of tailored prediction models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A narrative synthesis was conducted, incorporating (1) an umbrella review of nine meta\u2010analyses examining the depression\u2013dementia association; (2) a systematic review of depression\u2010related medication use on dementia risk; and (3) findings from three Lancet Commission reports on dementia (2017, 2020, and 2024).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Seven key modifiers were identified that influenced the reliability and direction of risk estimates: demographic factors, assessment methods, depression severity, follow\u2010up duration, depression timing and trajectory, the outcome predicted (e.g., all\u2010cause vs dementia subtypes), and antidepressant use. Late\u2010life and severe depression conferred the highest risk, with associations being stronger for vascular dementia than for Alzheimer's disease. Clinical diagnoses yielded higher risk estimates compared to symptomatic rating scales. Duration of follow\u2010up was associated with contradictory directional effects. Antidepressant use was associated with increased dementia risk. However, class\u2010specific analyses were inconclusive due to extreme heterogeneity. The Lancet Commission emphasized late\u2010life and mid\u2010life depression as key modifiable risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple clinical, methodological, and temporal factors influence dementia risk estimates in individuals with depression. The findings support developing depression\u2010specific dementia risk models that prioritize high\u2010risk subgroups. Recommendations include distinguishing between symptom\u2010based and clinical diagnostic approaches, addressing heterogeneity in timing and severity, modeling reverse causation, and validating models across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:18:35Z","timestamp":1770265115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Informing depression\u2010specific dementia risk models: An evidence\u2010based analysis of moderators of the depression\u2013dementia association"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6252-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Research Centre of Advanced Materials King Khalid University Abha  Abha Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Dementia Centre of Excellence Curtin enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission in Australia  Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire V","family":"Burley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Centre of Excellence Curtin enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Dementia Centre of Excellence Curtin enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Brain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health School of Medicine University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health Discipline of Medicine School of Psychology The University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Centre of Excellence Curtin enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Sabatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene YH","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Centre of Excellence Curtin enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use, and Tobacco Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"West Australian Country Health Service and Curtin University Research and Innovation Alliance  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid R","family":"Sohrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing Health Futures Institute Murdoch University  Murdoch WA Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology Murdoch University  Murdoch WA Australia"},{"name":"Alzheimer's Research Australia  Nedlands WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliya","family":"Naheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Nutrition Research Division, Mohakhali  Dhaka 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