{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:49:39Z","timestamp":1785322179784,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007247","name":"Svenska Kulturfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer arising from the intra\u2010 and extrahepatic bile ducts. The early stages are often asymptomatic, CCA is frequently diagnosed in an advanced stage and the prognosis of CCA is often dismal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to estimate the incidence of CCA in Finland and to identify risk factors for CCA, with a special interest in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified all CCA cases during 1974\u20132018 from the Finnish Cancer Registry and calculated age\u2010standardised incidence rates. Five controls for each case were extracted from the Population Registry, matched by age, gender and municipality of residence at the time of diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors were estimated with conditional logistic regression and survival estimates with the Kaplan\u2013Meier method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence of CCA remained stable in both genders; the age\u2010standardised rate (World Standard) in 2013\u20132017 in males and females was 1.7 per 100,000 person years and 1.3 per 100,000 person years, respectively. Primary sclerosing cholangitis carried a 30\u2010fold risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and 25\u2010fold risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). Diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and liver cirrhosis were associated with iCCA, whereas cholelithiasis and viral hepatitis C were associated with eCCA. The cumulative 5\u2010year survival was 4.6%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of CCA has been stable. Known risk factors for CCA were confirmed, with PSC having the highest OR. Survival remains poor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T15:33:48Z","timestamp":1631892828000},"page":"1128-1135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Risk factors, epidemiology and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3116-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Barner\u2010Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Pukkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Cancer Registry Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University  Tampere 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