{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:11:02Z","timestamp":1781932262492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB1382 Project ID 403224013\/B07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1382 Project ID 403224013\/B07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>International registries have reported high mortality rates in patients with liver disease and COVID\u201019. However, the extent to which comorbidities contribute to excess COVID\u201019 mortality in cirrhosis is controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the multinational Lean European Open Survey on SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010infected patients (LEOSS) to identify patients with cirrhosis documented between March 2020 and March 2021, when the wild\u2010type and alpha variant were predominant. We compared symptoms, disease progression and mortality after propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and concomitant diseases. Mortality was also compared with that of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) without SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, a common bacterial infection and well\u2010described precipitator of acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 7096 patients with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection eligible for analysis, 70 (0.99%) had cirrhosis, and all were hospitalized. Risk factors for severe COVID\u201019, such as diabetes, renal disease, and cardiovascular disease were more frequent in patients with cirrhosis. Case fatality rate in patients with cirrhosis was 31.4% with the highest odds of death in patients older than 65\u00a0years (43.6% mortality; odds ratio [OR] 4.02; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018), Child\u2010Pugh class C (57.1%; OR 4.00; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026), and failure of two or more organs (81.8%; OR 19.93; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). After PSM for demographics and comorbidity, the COVID\u201019 case fatality of patients with cirrhosis did not significantly differ from that of matched patients without cirrhosis (28.8% vs. 26.1%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.644) and was similar to the 28\u2010day mortality in a comparison group of patients with cirrhosis and SBP (33.3% vs. 31.5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In immunologically na\u00efve patients with cirrhosis, mortality from wild\u2010type SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and the alpha variant is high and is largely determined by cirrhosis\u2010associated comorbidities and extrahepatic organ failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T18:58:47Z","timestamp":1651172327000},"page":"409-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["COVID\u201019 mortality in cirrhosis is determined by cirrhosis\u2010associated comorbidities and extrahepatic organ failure: Results from the multinational LEOSS registry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7429-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan F.","family":"Brozat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hanses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Department for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control University Hospital  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Haelberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Hospital Passau  Passau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Stecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn\u2010Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Internal Medicine V University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Tometten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine Hospital Ernst von Bergmann  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Ruethrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne J.","family":"Vehreschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn\u2010Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department II of Internal Medicine, Hematology\/Oncology Goethe University, Frankfurt  Frankfurt Am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Trautwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Borgmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Ingolstadt Hospital  Ingolstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J. 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