{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:41:01Z","timestamp":1780468861690,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serological screening of the relatives of coeliac disease patients is widely endorsed. However, the need for and the optimal timing of possible re\u2010testing of once seronegative at\u2010risk individuals for coeliac disease remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated this issue by inviting a large cohort of previously screening\u2010negative relatives of patients with coeliac disease to participate in a follow\u2010up study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether 599 relatives of coeliac disease index patients not diagnosed with coeliac disease in a screening study carried out in 2006\u20132010 were asked about possible later diagnosis or re\u2010tested with coeliac disease autoantibodies in 2017\u20132021. Besides incidence, the possible impact of various patient\u2010related clinical factors and HLA haplotype on the later diagnosis or screening positivity was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen (2.5%) relatives were either diagnosed with a coeliac disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) during the follow\u2010up period or were found to be screening\u2010positive in the re\u2010testing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07), giving a combined annual incidence of 221\/100,000 person\u2010years in all relatives and 336\/100,000 among those carrying coeliac disease\u2010associated HLA DQ2\/DQ8. The new cases more often carried the high\u2010risk (DQ2.5\/2.5 or DQ2.5\/2.2; 35.7% vs. 7.4%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) HLA and were younger at initial screening (23.3 vs. 40.5\u00a0years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028) and \u2013 in spite of a negative screening outcome \u2013 had higher median transglutaminase antibody level in the first study than those not affected. There were no significant differences between the affected and non\u2010affected relatives in other demographic data, degree of kinship with the index, current symptoms or frequency of chronic co\u2010morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence rate for later coeliac disease diagnosis or new seropositivity in relatives who had been tested once was 221\/100,000 person\u2010years in all and 336\/100,000 among those carrying at\u2010risk HLA genetics after \u223c10\u00a0years of follow\u2010up. HLA\u2010typing could help to target a subgroup of relatives who would benefit most from re\u2010testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T11:06:10Z","timestamp":1653476770000},"page":"585-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Coeliac disease re\u2010screening among once seronegative at\u2010risk relatives: A long\u2010term follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Saana","family":"Paavola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Research Center Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Tampere University Hospital  Tampere 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