{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:17:03Z","timestamp":1789064223970,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 is a rare form of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Despite being considered a benign disease, only few studies with limited sample size and short follow\u2010up have been published on type 2 AIP. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate long\u2010term outcomes, such as the risk of relapse, pancreatic insufficiency and cancer in a large type 2 AIP cohort with long follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with definitive or probable diagnosis of type 2 AIP by International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC) present in our prospectively maintained database since 1995 at 31.12.2021 were identified. All patients were clinically evaluated during the year 2022. Clinical, radiological, serological, and pathological data were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010eight out of 420 patients present in the database (21%) were diagnosed with type 2 AIP (mean age 33.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.5\u00a0years). According to the ICDC, 21 patients (23.8%) had a definitive and 67 (76.2%) a probable diagnosis of type 2 AIP. The mean follow\u2010up was 9.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.1\u00a0years (range 1\u201327\u00a0years). No differences were observed when comparing patients with definitive and probable type 2 AIP diagnosis. Concomitant IBD was reported in 77 patients (87.5%). The probability of disease relapse was lower in patients treated with steroids versus surgery (at 5\u00a0years 13% vs. 33%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038) but this difference was not statistically significant at multivariable analysis. The risk of endocrine or severe exocrine insufficiency was low (5% and 25%). Four extra\u2010pancreatic malignancies (5%) were diagnosed, none pancreatic. One patient died in a car accident.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 AIP has benign long\u2010term clinical outcomes. Mortality and cancer rates are low and no specific follow\u2010up is needed after radiological remission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T06:14:35Z","timestamp":1705126475000},"page":"319-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Clinical features and long\u2010term outcomes of patients with type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"de Pretis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Verona  Verona 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