{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:16:36Z","timestamp":1789175796952,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) differ with disease sub\u2010type and activity in adults with established inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) taking therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe patterns of faecal VOCs in children newly presented with IBD according to disease sub\u2010type, severity, and response to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children presenting with suspected IBD were recruited from three UK hospitals. Children in whom IBD was diagnosed were matched with a non\u2010IBD child for age, sex, and recruitment site. Faecal VOCs were characterised by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry at presentation and 3\u00a0months later in children with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 132 case\/control pairs, median (inter\u2010quartile range) age in IBD was 13.3\u00a0years (10.2\u201314.7) and 38.6% were female. Compared with controls, the mean abundance of 27\/62 (43.6%) faecal VOCs was statistically significantly decreased in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or both especially amongst ketones\/diketones, fatty acids, and alcohols (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Short\u2010chain, medium chain, and branched chain fatty acids were markedly reduced in severe colitis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Despite clinical improvement in many children with IBD, the number and abundance of almost all VOCs did not increase following treatment, suggesting persistent dysbiosis. Oct\u20101\u2010en\u20103\u2010ol was increased in CD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) and UC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.012) compared with controls and decreased following treatment in UC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01). In CD, propan\u20101\u2010ol was significantly greater than controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and extensive colitis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) and fell with treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.05). Phenol was significantly greater in CD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and fell with treatment in both CD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02) and UC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterisation of faecal VOCs in an inception cohort of children with IBD reveals patterns associated with diagnosis, disease activity, and extent. Further work should investigate the relationship between VOCs and the microbiome in IBD and their role in diagnosis and disease monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T12:58:35Z","timestamp":1719061115000},"page":"780-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Faecal volatile organic compounds differ according to inflammatory bowel disease sub\u2010type, severity, and response to treatment in paediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Salma","family":"Belnour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Clinical Cancer Medicine Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kukatharmini","family":"Tharmaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Data Science Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Karl\u2010Heinz Auth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Gastroenterology Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafeeq","family":"Muhammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Nutrition Birmingham Children's Hospital  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Spray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Gastroenterology Bristol Royal Hospital for Children  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duolao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Zeeshan Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt South Building University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Probert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; 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