{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:51:01Z","timestamp":1788609061333,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010adherence to treatment may be one of the most important causes for the failure of therapy goals in autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). We aimed to assess factors related to non\u2010adherence in adult non\u2010transplanted patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted in patients with AILD who were prescribed pharmacotherapy for liver disease. Adherence was defined as skipping their medication less than once a week and never reducing or stopping their medication themselves. Sociodemographic data were analyzed relating to medication and disease\u2010related factors in the context of adherence. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with adherence while adjusting for known confounders. A total of 1097 patients with AILD were included: 444 patients with AIH, 377 with PBC and 276 with PSC. Patients with AIH were the most non\u2010adherent group (47%), in comparison to those suffering from PBC (29%), and PSC (38%). In multivariable logistic regression models, over\u2010the\u2010counter medication use was identified as one important common factor that was negatively associated with treatment adherence in all patients and most relevant in the case of the AIH group. Among standard treatments, steroids, though not azathioprine, were negatively associated with adherence in the AIH group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This anonymous survey revealed high non\u2010adherence in patients with AILD, particularly those with AIH treated with steroids. Over\u2010the\u2010counter medication intake may reflect low treatment confidence in standard treatments and should be carefully assessed in patients with AILD in a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T16:39:48Z","timestamp":1754066388000},"page":"1184-1193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non\u2010Adherence to Standard Therapy in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Impact of Steroid Use and Over\u2010the\u2010Counter Medications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ewa","family":"Wunsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Translational Medicine Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin  Szczecin Poland"},{"name":"RARE\u2010LIVER European Reference Network  Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar Wilhelm","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RARE\u2010LIVER European Reference Network  Brussel Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RARE\u2010LIVER European Reference Network  Brussel Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI)  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"L\u00f6we","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Uhlenbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rom\u00e9e","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RARE\u2010LIVER European Reference Network  Brussel Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Radboud University Medical Centre  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Willemse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RARE\u2010LIVER European Reference Network  Brussel Belgium"},{"name":"Dutch Liver Patients Association  Hoogland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RARE\u2010LIVER European Reference Network  Brussel Belgium"},{"name":"Liver and Internal Medicine Unit Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom J. 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