{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1779789820231,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histopathological interpretation is crucial for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), distinguishing between Crohn's Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), IBD\u2010Unclassified (IBD\u2010U), and Non\u2010IBD colitis (NIBDC). However, interobserver variability and limited expertise can reduce diagnostic accuracy. Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT\u20105 may offer clinical support in interpreting histology reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed 100 real\u2010life histological reports from ileo\u2010colonoscopies, equally representing CD, UC, IBD\u2010U, and NIBDC, collected across five Italian healthcare centers, including both IBD\u2010specialized and non\u2010specialized hospitals. A reference standard was established by an expert pathologist. Independent classifications were generated by GPT\u20105, five gastrointestinal pathologists, five IBD\u2010expert gastroenterologists (GIs), and five non\u2010expert GIs. Diagnostic performance (accuracy, recall, precision, F1\u2010score), agreement with the reference standard (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and inter\u2010rater reliability (Fleiss'\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GPT\u20105 achieved the highest agreement with the reference standard with the highest accuracy (76.0%), compared to pathologists (68.6%), IBD\u2010experts (69.2%), and non\u2010experts (63.2%). Agreement with the reference standard was substantial for GPT\u20105 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.671) and moderate for human groups (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.508\u20130.588). GPT\u20105 showed perfect recall for CD and UC, high recall for NIBDC (96.0%), but poor performance for IBD\u2010U (recall 8.0%, F1\u2010score 14.3%). Fleiss'\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      indicated moderate agreement among pathologists and IBD\u2010experts, and fair agreement among non\u2010experts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GPT\u20105 demonstrated reliable performance in interpreting IBD histological reports, exhibiting high accuracy and strong agreement with the reference standard. While unreliable for IBD\u2010U, GPT\u20105 may serve as a supportive tool in histopathological interpretation of IBD, particularly in centers with limited access to expert pathologists or IBD\u2010specialists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:41:39Z","timestamp":1765975299000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of GPT\u20105 in the Interpretation of IBD Histopathology Reports"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-9289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Maida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d  Enna Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit Umberto I Hospital  Enna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vitello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d  Enna Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit Umberto I Hospital  Enna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Salvatore","family":"Macaluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit \u201cVilla Sofia\u2010Cervello\u201d Hospital  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Daperno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit AO Ordine Mauriziano  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giammarco","family":"Mocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology \u201cBrotzu\u201d Hospital  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery School of Medicine \u201cFederico II\u201d of Naples  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery School of Medicine \u201cFederico II\u201d of Naples  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola L.","family":"Decarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Misericordia Hospital  Grosseto Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Laschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Section, Oncology Department San Giovanni di Dio Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Fattorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit Azienda Sanitaria Toscana Nord Ovest  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Locci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomic Pathology ARNAS G. Brotzu  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele Del","family":"Sordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology Medical School, University of Perugia  Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Ligresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services IRCCS \u2010 ISMETT  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Tacelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biliopancreatic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasonography Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital  Milan 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