{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:48:32Z","timestamp":1789609712081,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) are widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of their benefits in glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiovascular outcomes. This study evaluated the risk of gallbladder disease among diabetic patients treated with GLP\u20101 RAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the TriNetX research network. Adults \u2265\u00a018\u00a0years with T2DM who received GLP\u20101 RAs were identified and compared with matched controls. Propensity score matching (1:1) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Outcomes included cholelithiasis\/choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and cholecystectomy. Subgroup analyses were performed according to GLP\u20101 RA agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 156,376 patients were included; 43,077 patients were in the GLP\u20101 RA cohort and 113,299 patients were in the control group. After matching, 39,140 patients remained in each group. At two\u00a0years, patients with GLP\u20101 RA use had higher rates of cholelithiasis\/choledocholithiasis (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24\u20131.65), whereas rates of cholecystectomy were non\u2010significant. By three\u00a0years, GLP\u20101 RA use remained associated with higher rates of cholelithiasis\/choledocholithiasis (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.24\u20131.63), cholecystitis (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.83), and cholecystectomy (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.17\u20132.02). There were no significant differences in the rates of pancreatitis or ERCP. Semaglutide and dulaglutide demonstrated higher cholelithiasis, whereas liraglutide and exenatide were not associated with a significant increase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 RAs use in patients with T2DM was associated with modestly higher rates of cholelithiasis\/choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholecystectomy, whereas there were no significant differences in rates of pancreatitis or ERCP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T18:49:29Z","timestamp":1780685369000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cohort Study: Risk of Gallstones and Biliary Complications With Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6662-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Eldesouki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Alkasabrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine New York Medical College\/Landmark Medical Center  Woonsocket Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Kloub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-8702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem","family":"Abosheaishaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooklyn Health Center  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Elfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9926-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Monash University\/Monash Health  Victoria Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Andrawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Staten Island University Hospital\u2010Northwell Health  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11592810\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2012.638282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1411892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018\u201001008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010024\u201003412\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12926"},{"issue":"50","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"[Effects of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptides on Gallbladder Motility]","volume":"180","author":"Gether I. 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