{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:56:58Z","timestamp":1790603818103,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI25\/01,197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI25\/01,197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct\u2010acting antivirals (DAAs) achieve sustained virological response (SVR) in over 95% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although viral eradication allows partial immune restoration, it remains unclear whether established cirrhosis limits recovery of the circulating T lymphocyte compartment after SVR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a phenotypic and functional analysis of circulating T\u2010helper (Th) and T\u2010cytotoxic (Tc) lymphocytes in patients with chronic HCV infection without fibrosis (HCV\u2010NoF,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a021) or with cirrhosis (HCV\u2010cirrhosis,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a020), as well as in alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis (AL\u2010cirrhosis,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012) and healthy controls (HC,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012). HCV patients were evaluated at baseline and 14\u00a0weeks after SVR following DAA therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed by flow cytometry to quantify T lymphocyte subsets, cytokine production (IFN\u03b3, IL\u201017), and regulatory T lymphocytes (CD25\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tregs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCV infection was associated with marked Tc lymphopenia and selective depletion of na\u00efve Th lymphocytes, regardless of fibrosis stage. These alterations were exacerbated in cirrhosis, particularly in decompensated disease, and closely resembled those observed in AL\u2010cirrhosis. After SVR, HCV\u2010NoF patients showed normalization of Tc counts, redistribution of Tc subsets, and restoration of Th1\/Th17 balance and IFN\u03b3\/IL\u201017 profiles. In contrast, HCV\u2010cirrhosis patients exhibited minimal immune recovery, with persistent Th and Tc lymphopenia, sustained depletion of na\u00efve and central memory T lymphocyte subsets, and ongoing inflammatory cytokine skewing. CD25high Treg frequencies increased after SVR in both HCV groups but remained below HC levels, with normalization of chemokine receptor expression occurring only in HCV\u2010NoF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cirrhosis profoundly constrains immune reconstitution after HCV cure, limiting post\u2010treatment T\u2010cell recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:00:46Z","timestamp":1789671646000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cirrhosis Impairs Reconstitution of the Circulating T\u2010Lymphocyte Compartment After Direct\u2010Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lorena","family":"Paule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)  Madrid 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\u00c1ngel","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro\u2010Majadahonda  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro\u2014Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melchor","family":"\u00c1lvarez\u2010Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS)  Madrid 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