{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:36:05Z","timestamp":1780731365408,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the feasibility of nasal bone length (NBL), prenasal thickness (PT) and frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle measurements performed on the same three\u2010dimensional (3D) multiplanar\u2010corrected profile view in healthy second\u2010 and third\u2010trimester fetuses, to create reference ranges and to review published measurement techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D volumes of 219 healthy second\u2010 and third\u2010trimester fetuses were retrospectively analyzed. The quality of images and measurability of the markers were assessed with 5\u2010point and 3\u2010point scoring systems, respectively. Measurements of NBL (with care to exclude the frontal bone), PT and FMF were obtained in the exact mid\u2010sagittal plane. Reference ranges were constructed based on measurements from images with high\u2010quality (4 or 5 points) and high measurability (2 or 3 points) scores and compared with those in the most relevant published literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high\u2010quality score was assigned to 111 images. Among these, a high measurability score was significantly more often achieved for NBL (98.2%) and PT (97.3%) than for the FMF angle (26.1%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Both NBL (NBL = \u2212 6.927 + (0.83 \u00d7 GA) \u2212 (0.01 \u00d7 GA<jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>)) and PT (PT = (0.212 \u00d7 GA) \u2212 0.873) (where GA = gestational age) showed growth with gestation, with less pronounced growth for NBL after 28 weeks. Our reference range for the NBL showed a systematically smaller length than those in other two\u2010dimensional (2D) ultrasound\u2010based publications. The FMF angle measurements that we obtained did not show a significant change with GA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NBL and PT are easily measured using 3D ultrasound whereas FMF angle measurement is more challenging. When it is measured in the exact mid\u2010sagittal plane and care is taken to exclude the frontal bone, measurements of the NBL are systematically smaller than those in previous 2D ultrasound\u2010based publications. Copyright \u00a9 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T09:37:23Z","timestamp":1312969043000},"page":"636-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional ultrasound imaging and measurement of nasal bone length, prenasal thickness and frontomaxillary facial angle in normal second\u2010 and third\u2010trimester fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"F. I.","family":"Vos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. A. P.","family":"De Jong\u2010Pleij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. S. M.","family":"Ribbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tromp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Bilardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Observations on the Ethnic Classification of Idiots","volume":"3","author":"Down JHL","year":"1866","journal-title":"London Hospital Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06709-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.05050304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7471"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5288"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1362"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7745"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250903.17964.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7480"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2323"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.10058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.10058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T16:38:25Z","timestamp":1700584705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.10058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.10058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.10058","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-06-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-04-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}