{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:15:16Z","timestamp":1767665716489},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) alters multiple ultrasonographic and laboratory markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in obese women without any other health condition that could interfere with combined oral contraceptive (COC) eligibility criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a case\u2013control study evaluating 90 obese women (body mass index (BMI) \u2265 30.0 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and &lt; 40 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) aged between 18 and 40 years without any other health condition that could interfere with COC eligibility criteria, of whom 45 had PCOS and 45 were age\u2010matched controls. BMI, waist and hip circumference, arterial blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, sex hormone\u2010binding globulin, free androgen index (FAI), carotid stiffness index, intima media thickness, flow\u2010mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with PCOS, we observed a higher frequency of NAFLD (73.3 vs. 46.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and higher FAI (10.4 vs. 6.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). We also observed a trend towards increased insulin levels (10.06 \u00b1 6.66 vs. 7.45 \u00b1 5.88 \u00b5IU\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05), decreased QUICKI (0.36 \u00b1 0.06 vs. 0.39 \u00b1 0.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05) and decreased FMD (7.00 \u00b1 3.87 vs. 8.41 \u00b1 3.79%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.08). No other significant difference was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAFLD is frequent in obese women without any other health condition that could interfere with COC eligibility criteria, especially in those with PCOS. This should be considered when choosing the best contraceptive option. Copyright \u00a9 2012 ISUOG. 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