{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:06:50Z","timestamp":1782144410743,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral contraceptive pills suppress the hypothalomo\u2010pituitary axis, which can affect the ultrasound and endocrine markers used to examine ovarian reserve. The objective of this study was to quantify the ultrasound and endocrine markers of functional ovarian reserve in women using a combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) for more than a year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective case\u2013control study involving healthy volunteers: 34 women using for more than a year a COCP with hormone\u2010free interval (HFI) were compared to 36 normo\u2010ovulatory, age\u2010matched controls who had not used hormonal contraception within the last year. Volunteers using a COCP underwent a 3D ultrasound examination and had a blood sample taken within the first 4 days of active pill ingestion and those in the control group had the scan and blood test in the early follicular phase (days 2\u20135) of menstrual cycle. The main outcome measure was the difference in antral follicle counts stratified according to size and anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH), follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no significant differences in the number of small antral follicles measuring 2\u20136 mm. The COCP group had significantly fewer antral follicles measuring \u2265 6 mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and had significantly smaller ovaries (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), which also had lower vascular indices than the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). While serum FSH, LH and E2 levels were significantly lower in the COCP group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), there was no significant difference in serum AMH levels between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonged use of COCP suppressed pituitary gonadotropins and antral follicle development beyond 6 mm, but had no effect on levels of serum AMH and number of small antral follicles. Copyright \u00a9 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T15:44:21Z","timestamp":1318520661000},"page":"574-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Quantifying effect of combined oral contraceptive pill on functional ovarian reserve as measured by serum anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone and small antral follicle count using three\u2010dimensional ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Deb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. K.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pincott\u2010Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Clewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cumberpatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Raine\u2010Fenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.7.1518"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180410001715681"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.7.1527"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90295-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(90)90001-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"[oral contraception] [Article in French]","volume":"40","author":"Montloin A","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Infirm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00025-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(96)00178-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01849485"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(83)90019-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep204"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0690497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6310"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7505"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1719"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del291"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq071"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den384"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh688"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh674"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.12.3065"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.4.8625923","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of apoptosis in early antral follicles: Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone as a major survival factor","volume":"137","author":"Chun SY","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1150141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138666","article-title":"In\u2010vitro growth of oocytes. In\u2010vitro growth of ovarian oocytes","volume":"9","author":"Spears N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.6.1555"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Gonadal cell apoptosis","volume":"51","author":"Hsueh AJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00245-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.5.990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-2-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq071"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.01.012"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.10114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.10114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T04:34:55Z","timestamp":1696739695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.10114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.10114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.10114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-09-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-04-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}