{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:58:45Z","timestamp":1783072725428,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]],"date-time":"2012-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine placental growth factor (PlGF) in euploid and trisomy 21 pregnancies at 11\u201313 weeks' gestation and to model the impact on first\u2010trimester combined screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PlGF was measured in 509 (409 euploid and 100 trisomic) fetal serum samples derived from prospective first\u2010trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 at 11\u201313 weeks' gestation. The serum samples were stored at \u221280\u00b0C, following the measurement of free <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010hCG) and pregnancy\u2010associated plasma protein\u2010A (PAPP\u2010A) levels, for median time spans of 0.9 and 4.1 years in the euploid and trisomy 21 pregnancies, respectively. The effect of additional PlGF measurement at the time of combined screening was investigated by simulating fetal nuchal translucency (NT) measurements and multiples of the median (MoM) values for PAPP\u2010A, free <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010hCG and PlGF for 20 000 euploid and 20 000 trisomy 21 pregnancies. Patient\u2010specific combined risks were calculated based on maternal age and fetal NT in addition to free <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010hCG, PAPP\u2010A and PlGF, PAPP\u2010A and PlGF or free <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010hCG and PlGF, and detection and false\u2010positive rates were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median PlGF\u2010MoM was 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96\u20131.04) in euploid fetuses and significantly lower, at 0.73 (95% CI, 0.70\u20130.76), in trisomy\u201021 fetuses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant dependency between PlGF\u2010MoM and either gestational age at the time of blood sampling (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.087, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.392) or sample storage time (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.028, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.785). Modeled detection and false\u2010positive rates for first\u2010trimester combined screening (based on maternal and gestational age, fetal NT and maternal serum biochemistry) without PlGF were 85% and 2.7% for a fixed risk cut\u2010off of 1:100. The addition of PlGF increased the detection rate to 87% and reduced the false\u2010positive rate to 2.6%. Screening by maternal age and fetal NT in combination with PlGF and PAPP\u2010A or in combination with PlGF and free <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010hCG provided detection rates of 82% and 79%, with false\u2010positive rates of 2.7% and 3.0%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In pregnancies with trisomy 21 PlGF is reduced. The impact on the overall screening performance for trisomy 21 is low and does not justify the measurement of PlGF solely for trisomy 21 screening. However, as PlGF is measured with the aim of assessing the risk for pre\u2010eclampsia, further improvement in screening for trisomy 21 can be considered as an added benefit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]],"date-time":"2012-05-18T13:56:13Z","timestamp":1337349373000},"page":"530-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["First\u2010trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 with different combinations of placental growth factor, free \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy\u2010associated plasma protein\u2010A"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"K. O.","family":"Kagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hoopmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Abele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Alkier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Prof. Enders &amp; Colleagues  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"L\u00fcthgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Prof. Enders &amp; Colleagues  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324320"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13040231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7755"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Review of the Registrar General of Births and Patterns of Family Building in England and Wales","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13030167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767051003678242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2894"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8987"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.11173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.11173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T20:09:30Z","timestamp":1696709370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.11173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.11173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.11173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-03-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}