{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:34:34Z","timestamp":1779298474993,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content>) transperineal ultrasound has been shown to be a reliable and reproducible method for visualization of morphological changes in the female levator ani muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between persisting pelvic floor disorders 18\u201324\u2009months after first delivery, biometric measurements of the pelvic floor and mode of delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective observational study, we recruited on their second day after delivery 130 primiparous women. All were Caucasian and their pregnancies had been singleton with cephalic presentation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content> transperineal ultrasound was performed, with standardized settings, on the second\u2009day (results published previously) and 18\u201324\u2009months after delivery. Volumes were obtained at rest and on Valsalva maneuver and biometric measurements of the levator hiatus were determined in the axial plane. Obstetric and constitutional parameters were obtained from our clinical files and, 18\u201324\u2009months after the delivery, a standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate persisting pelvic floor disorders. Ultrasound measurements at 18\u201324\u2009months were compared according to clinical symptoms of pelvic floor disorders and mode of delivery, including a subgroup analysis of vaginal (spontaneous <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> operative vaginal) and Cesarean (primary i.e. elective <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> secondary i.e. after onset of labor) delivery groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010seven (59%) women had complete follow\u2010up at 18\u201324\u2009months. Biometric measurements showed a significantly larger hiatal area in the vaginal delivery group than in the Cesarean section group 2\u2009years after delivery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whereas subgroup analysis within the vaginal and Cesarean delivery groups did not show significant differences. Although there was no statistical correlation between delivery mode and persisting stress urinary incontinence, women with persisting stress urinary incontinence 2\u2009years after delivery had a larger hiatal area than did women without this clinical symptom (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There were no significant differences in hiatal dimensions in women with bladder urgency or dyspareunia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content> transperineal ultrasound, which is easily accessible, can provide useful information on morphological changes of the female pelvic floor. Women with a spontaneous or operative vaginal first delivery had a significantly larger hiatal area and axial distension than did women whose first delivery was by Cesarean section, even 2\u2009years after delivery. Performing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content> ultrasound after the first delivery may help to identify women at high risk for persisting pelvic floor disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,29]],"date-time":"2012-06-29T10:53:20Z","timestamp":1340967200000},"page":"204-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional ultrasound of pelvic floor: is there a correlation with delivery mode and persisting pelvic floor disorders 18\u201324\u2009months after first delivery?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Falkert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Krankenhaus Barmherzige Br\u00fcder \u2013 Frauenklinik St. Hedwig, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Regensburg\/Germany  Regensburg 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