{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:55:17Z","timestamp":1780667717650,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]],"date-time":"2013-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the sonographic features and pregnancy outcomes of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content>), an entity often misdiagnosed as molar pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> cases from our institution and performed a systematic review of the existing literature. Inclusion criteria for the review were diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> as defined by placental pathology, description of placental morphology on antenatal ultrasound and reporting of pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found three cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> at our institution. Patient 1 had elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>) and an enlarged, hydropic placenta at 13\u2009weeks, suggestive of a molar pregnancy. Patient 2 also had elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> with large, vascular placental lakes on ultrasound suggesting placenta accreta or molar pregnancy. Case 3 involved placentomegaly and fetal anomalies suggestive of Beckwith\u2013Wiedemann syndrome. From the literature review, 61 cases met the inclusion criteria. The most common sonographic features included enlarged (50%) and cystic (80%) placenta with dilated chorionic vessels. Biochemical aneuploidy screening abnormalities were relatively common as were fetal anomalies, Beckwith\u2013Wiedemann syndrome and other genetic abnormalities. Pregnancy complications included intrauterine growth restriction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>; 33%), intrauterine fetal death (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUFD<\/jats:styled-content>; 13%), and preterm labor (33%). Pregnancies without fetal anomalies, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUFD<\/jats:styled-content> or preterm labor had normal neonatal outcomes despite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> (9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differential diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> includes molar pregnancy and other placental vascular anomalies. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, so heightened surveillance with genetic evaluation, serial growth scans and third\u2010trimester assessment of wellbeing should be considered. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMD<\/jats:styled-content> must be differentiated from gestational trophoblastic disease because management and outcomes differ. Copyright \u00a9 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T12:23:47Z","timestamp":1355401427000},"page":"366-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Systematic review of sonographic findings of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and subsequent pregnancy outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"U. A.","family":"Nayeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SUNY Upstate Medical University  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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