{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:29:56Z","timestamp":1791397796807,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore factors affecting the presence of two reflex pelvic floor muscle contraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMC<\/jats:styled-content>) patterns in women with pelvic floor disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of pelvic floor ultrasonography and urodynamic data for 667 consecutive symptomatic women with pelvic floor disorders. We identified on ultrasonography the presence or absence of two reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMC<\/jats:styled-content> patterns, anorectal lift (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARL<\/jats:styled-content>) and inward clitoral motion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICM<\/jats:styled-content>), preceding or occurring during coughing, and evaluated their associations with possible factors affecting reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMC<\/jats:styled-content> reactivity, including patient demographics, pelvic organ prolapse stages, ultrasonography findings and urodynamic data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 667 women, 560 (84.0%) clearly demonstrated reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARL<\/jats:styled-content> and 536 (80.4%) demonstrated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICM<\/jats:styled-content>. There were significant differences in age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), parity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033) and menopausal status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) between women with and those without reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICM<\/jats:styled-content> before or during coughing. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that age was the only independent factor associated with presence of reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICM<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio, 0.93 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.88\u20130.99), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017). In contrast, no significant differences were noted between women with and without reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing age is negatively associated with the presence of reflex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICM<\/jats:styled-content> during coughing in symptomatic women with pelvic floor disorders.  Copyright \u00a9 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T06:55:31Z","timestamp":1363244131000},"page":"224-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Factors affecting reflex pelvic floor muscle contraction patterns in women with pelvic floor disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"J.\u2010M.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Medical University \u2013 Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.\u2010C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cathay General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.\u2010R.","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1389.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"Impact of two reflex pelvic floor muscle contraction patterns on female stress urinary incontinence","author":"Yang JM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6338"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-9059-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-002-1001-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1970.tb04483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124844"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0395-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00464-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31823fe7f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0576-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1998)17:3<197::AID-NAU4>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"issue":"60","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Levator ani muscle and connective tissue changes associated with pelvic organ prolapse, parity, and aging in the squirrel monkey: a histologic study","volume":"197","author":"Pierce LM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250901.57095.ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000257074.98122.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-2339-5.50051-3"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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