{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:35:32Z","timestamp":1785522932101,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n \n To construct nomograms of the dimensions of the fetal posterior fossa (\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), assessed in the mid\u2010sagittal plane in the second and third trimesters, and to assess how measurements from fetuses with\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n abnormalities deviate from our normal ranges\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n This was a prospective cross\u2010sectional study of 378 healthy fetuses in low\u2010risk singleton pregnancies between 15 and 35\u2009weeks.\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n size was evaluated in the mid\u2010sagittal plane of the fetal head using three\u2010dimensional multiplanar reconstruction (\n 3D\u2010MPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). The borders of the\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n were defined from the clivus to the tentorium (clivotentorial distance,\n CTD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and from the occipital bone to the level of the upper mesencephalic edge (tecto\u2010occipital distance,\n TOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and the posterior fossa area (\n PFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and perimeter (\n PFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were assessed. Growth charts were produced. Thirty\u2010nine fetuses diagnosed with\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n malformations were analyzed by calculating the\n <\/jats:italic>\n z\u2010\n \n scores of\n PFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n PFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n TOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CTD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , relative to the developed nomograms\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Of the 378 healthy fetuses initially included, there were 281 with adequate visualization of the\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n borders; i.e.\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n mid\u2010sagittal plane morphometry was feasible in 74.3% of cases. There was a linear relationship between each of\n PFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n PFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n TOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CTD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and gestational age, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.97, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.95, respectively (\n <\/jats:italic>\n P\u2009<\u2009\n \n 0.001 for each). Chiari\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n malformation (\n CM\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and Dandy\u2013Walker malformation (\n DWM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were associated with the greatest difference in\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n size compared with normal;\n PFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n z\u2010\n \n scores exceeded 2.6 in all five\n DWM<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases and were below \u22122.66 in all 11\n CM\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Sonographic evaluation of fetal\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n size in the mid\u2010sagittal plane is feasible. Our constructed nomograms provide reference data that may be helpful when evaluating\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n congenital malformations. Copyright \u00a9 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]],"date-time":"2013-05-13T12:45:05Z","timestamp":1368449105000},"page":"147-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Fetal posterior fossa dimensions: normal and anomalous development assessed in mid\u2010sagittal cranial plane by three\u2010dimensional multiplanar sonography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Leibovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. K.","family":"Haratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Malinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ob\u2010Gyn Ultrasound Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bnai Zion Medical Center Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pressman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Haifa 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