{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:35:59Z","timestamp":1785522959219,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        To evaluate the role of the brainstem\u2013vermis (\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        ) angle in the diagnosis of fetal posterior fossa abnormalities at 15\u201318\u2009weeks' gestation\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        We examined retrospectively three\u2010dimensional (\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        ) ultrasound volumes acquired at 15\u201318 gestational weeks in fetuses with normal posterior fossa (controls) and in those with cystic posterior fossa. Whether the fourth ventricle appeared open posteriorly in axial views was noted and the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle was measured. A detailed follow\u2010up was obtained in all cases\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        Of the 139 controls, 46 cases were excluded because of inadequate quality of the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        volumes. Of the 93 remaining normal fetuses, 84 (90.3%) had a closed fourth ventricle and a\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle &lt;\u200920\u00b0, whereas 9\/93 (9.7%) had an open fourth ventricle and a\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle between 20\u00b0 and 37\u00b0. The study group of 11 fetuses included seven with Dandy\u2013Walker malformation and four with Blake's pouch cyst. In abnormal cases as a whole, the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle was significantly increased compared with that in controls (\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      P\u2009&lt;\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        0.0001). However, fetuses with Blake's pouch cyst and normal fetuses with an open fourth ventricle had strikingly similar sonograms: the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle was between 20\u00b0 and 37\u00b0 and the fourth ventricle appeared open only when viewed using a more steeply angulated scanning plane than that of the standard transcerebellar plane; in fetuses with Dandy\u2013Walker malformation the fourth ventricle was widely open posteriorly, even in the standard transcerebellar view, and the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle was\u2009&gt;\u200945\u00b0, significantly increased compared both with that in normal fetuses (\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      P\u2009&lt;\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.0001) and with that in fetuses with Blake's pouch cyst (<\/jats:italic>\n                      P\u2009=\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.004)<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        An open fourth ventricle is found in about 10% of normal fetuses at 15\u201318\u2009weeks' gestation. Measurement of the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        angle is useful in such cases, as a value\u2009\u2265\u200945\u00b0 is associated with a very high risk of severe posterior fossa malformation. Copyright \u00a9 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1382371848000},"page":"154-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Open fourth ventricle prior to 20\u2009weeks' gestation: a benign finding?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Contro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals ASL Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"De Musso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals ASL Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"De Robertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals ASL Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Antenatal diagnosis and obstetric management of Dandy\u2013Walker syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Pilu G","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1992.02030151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(200004)20:4<328::AID-PD806>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2777"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11071"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2768"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.2.8553961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.3.7972820"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.10030167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3834"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2751"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4072"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.6.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.1.1"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.13227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.13227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/uog.13227","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.13227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:21:14Z","timestamp":1785518474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.13227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.13227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.13227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}