{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:57:55Z","timestamp":1790351875705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Research Board of Ireland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To construct monochorionic diamniotic (\n MCDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and dichorionic diamniotic (\n DCDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) twin reference ranges for umbilical artery (\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) pulsatility index (\n PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ),\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n resistance index (\n RI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), fetal middle cerebral artery (\n MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and peak systolic velocity (\n PSV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and cerebroplacental ratio (\n CPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) from 24 weeks' to 38 weeks' gestation and compare these with published normal values for singleton pregnancies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective multicenter cohort study included 1028 unselected twin pairs recruited over a 2\u2010year period. Participants with dichorionic twins underwent fortnightly ultrasound surveillance from 24 weeks' gestation, with monochorionic twins being followed every 2 weeks from 16 weeks until delivery. A total of 7536 fetal Doppler examinations in 618 twin pregnancies were included in the analysis, with reference ranges for\n MCDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n DCDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n pregnancies constructed for each of the Doppler indices using multilevel modeling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n UA\u2010PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n UA\u2010RI<\/jats:styled-content>\n appear to be higher in twins than in singletons, and\n MCA\u2010PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n MCA\u2010PSV<\/jats:styled-content>\n appear to be lower. The\n CPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n also appears to be lower in twins than in singletons. Similar\n MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n indices were observed in\n MCDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n DCDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n twins.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n We have established longitudinal reference ranges for\n UA\u2010PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n UA\u2010RI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MCA\u2010PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n MCA\u2010PSV<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n in twin pregnancies, which appear to differ from those in singleton pregnancies. The derived twin\u2010specific reference ranges may be more appropriate in the surveillance of these high\u2010risk pregnancies. Applying the singleton\n CPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n cut\u2010off of \u2264\u20091.0 may lead to a large number of false\u2010positive diagnoses of cerebral redistribution in twin fetuses. Copyright \u00a9 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T10:28:55Z","timestamp":1389263335000},"page":"461-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler reference ranges in a twin population followed longitudinally from 24 to 38 weeks' gestation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Mulcahy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Maternity Hospital Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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