{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:22:12Z","timestamp":1791102132912,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,9]],"date-time":"2003-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1055116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the relationship between maternal anxiety and fetal behavior at 15 weeks' gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty women in two groups were studied: 10 women underwent amniocentesis and 10 controls did not. Maternal anxiety was evaluated using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Maternal plasma catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine) and maternal serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, glucose, insulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone were measured. Catecholamines were also measured in the amniotic fluid of women undergoing amniocentesis. Compiled actograms of 40\u2010min observations were done using ultrasonography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal state\u2010anxiety was significantly increased in the amniocentesis group. Except for fetal hiccups (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.49, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) there was no significant correlation between maternal anxiety and any of the other studied fetal movements. Maternal glucose was significantly correlated with hiccups (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.59, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), isolated leg movements (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), startles (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and the total of the studied movements (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Amniotic fluid catecholamines were significantly correlated with hand\u2013face contact (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.71, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02 for adrenaline), startles (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.75, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01 for noradrenaline and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.64, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04 for dopamine) and general movements (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001 for noradrenaline).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study does not support a relationship between maternal anxiety and fetal behavior in early pregnancy. Maternal glucose and plasma catecholamines could be related to fetal movements at 15 weeks' gestation. Copyright \u00a9 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,8]],"date-time":"2003-07-08T10:05:45Z","timestamp":1057658745000},"page":"57-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Maternal anxiety and fetal behavior at 15 weeks' gestation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"Bartha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Martinez\u2010Del\u2010Fresno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Romero\u2010Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Comino\u2010Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Ultrasonographic study of fetal movements","volume":"5","author":"Ianniruberto A","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(82)90101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound feedback on pregnancy anxiety, fetal activity, and neonatal outcome","volume":"66","author":"Field T","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90692-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(89)90100-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Fetal Behaviour. Developmental and Perinatal Aspects","author":"Van den Bergh BR","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-133X(94)00134-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(95)00048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in panic disorders, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and generalized disorder","volume":"49","author":"Munjack DJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Fetal Behaviour. Developmental and Perinatal Aspects","author":"de Vries JIP","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199512000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(01)00256-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)80040-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)91128-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90118-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(83)90029-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90105-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"563","article-title":"Fetal biophysical testing. The effects of prolonged maternal fasting and the oral glucose tolerance test","volume":"32","author":"Devoe LD","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.9.6.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(85)90174-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(87)90029-6"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T21:43:03Z","timestamp":1696714983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-01-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-06-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}