{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:49:11Z","timestamp":1773413351045,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effectiveness of nasal bone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NB<\/jats:styled-content>) evaluation (including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NB<\/jats:styled-content> length (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBL<\/jats:styled-content>)), prenasal thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>) measurement, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBL<\/jats:styled-content> ratio and the prefrontal space ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFSR<\/jats:styled-content>) in the identification of fetuses with trisomy 18 or 13, triploidy or Turner syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study using stored midsagittal two\u2010dimensional images of the facial profile of fetuses with trisomy 18 or 13, triploidy or Turner syndrome in the second and third trimesters. For images of acceptable quality, measurements were obtained of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBL<\/jats:styled-content> (where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NB<\/jats:styled-content> was present), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBL<\/jats:styled-content> ratio and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFSR<\/jats:styled-content>, and these measurements were compared with previously published normal ranges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search of databases identified 189 fetuses that met the study criteria: 132 (69.8%) with trisomy 18, 40 (21.2%) with trisomy 13, 10 (5.3%) with triploidy and seven (3.7%) with Turner syndrome. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NB<\/jats:styled-content> was either absent or its measurement was below the 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile in 67 (50.8%), 20 (50.0%), five (50.0%) and two (28.6%) of the fetuses with trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome, respectively. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content> measurement was above the 95<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile in 24 (18.2%), six (15.0%), one (10.0%) and one (14.3%) of the affected fetuses, respectively. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFSR<\/jats:styled-content> was abnormal in 72 (54.5%), 29 (72.5%), seven (70%) and four (57.1%) of the cases and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NBL<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was above the 95<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile or the nasal bone was absent in 72 (54.5%), 20 (50.0%), six (60.0%) and four (57.1%) cases, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although each of the facial markers considered provides some useful information in screening for trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome, the performance of none of the markers appears to be as good as that in screening for trisomy 21. Copyright \u00a9 2014 ISUOG. 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