{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1782771946777,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,8]],"date-time":"2015-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>To demonstrate the efficacy of placement and inflation of Foley balloon catheters prophylactically to prevent, or as an adjuvant therapy to control, bleeding in women undergoing treatment for Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP<\/jats:styled-content>) or cervical pregnancy (CxP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This was a retrospective study of 18 women with either CSP<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic> = 16) or CxP<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic> = 2), who underwent Foley balloon catheter placement under continuous transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound guidance to prevent or manage bleeding following treatment, which in most cases comprised local (intragestational sac) and intramuscular (IM<\/jats:styled-content>) methotrexate (MTX<\/jats:styled-content>) injections. In eight cases, the balloon catheter was placed immediately following local and\/or IM MTX<\/jats:styled-content> treatment, either because of bleeding or prophylactically; in eight cases, the catheter was placed as part of a two\u2010step protocol, with patients first treated with local and IM MTX<\/jats:styled-content> injection, then suction aspiration on Day 4 or 5, followed by planned insertion of a balloon catheter; in one patient the balloon was placed on Day 21 after local and IM MTX<\/jats:styled-content> treatment, due to sudden bleeding; and in one case of a heterotopic pregnancy, one intrauterine and one cervical, the balloon was placed due to severe bleeding. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG<\/jats:styled-content>) levels were evaluated weekly following MTX<\/jats:styled-content> injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Gestational ages at balloon placement ranged between 5 and 12\u2009+\u20092\u2009weeks. All embryos\/fetuses, with the exception of the cervical heterotopic one, had heart activity and catheter placement was well\u2010tolerated by all women. The balloon tamponade effectively reduced or prevented maternal vaginal bleeding in all except one patient; this woman had a heterotopic CxP<\/jats:styled-content> and required abdominal robotic cerclage to control the bleeding. Catheters were kept in place for a mean of 3.6 (range, 1\u20136) days. hCG<\/jats:styled-content> levels returned to low or zero levels within 19\u201382 days following MTX<\/jats:styled-content> injection. Fifteen women required antibiotic treatment following the procedure. One woman with CSP<\/jats:styled-content> developed an arteriovenous malformation requiring uterine artery embolization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Ultrasound\u2010guided placement and inflation of Foley balloon catheters was easy to perform and well\u2010tolerated by patients undergoing treatment for CSP<\/jats:styled-content> or CxP<\/jats:styled-content>, and successfully prevented or helped in the management of bleeding complications. Based on our experience and previous publications we suggest having the option of balloon catheter insertion available when local treatment of CSP<\/jats:styled-content> or CxP<\/jats:styled-content> is undertaken. Copyright \u00a9 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T07:10:52Z","timestamp":1414393852000},"page":"118-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Foley balloon catheter to prevent or manage bleeding during treatment for cervical and Cesarean scar pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"I. 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