{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:41:04Z","timestamp":1779201664959,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twin anemia\u2013polycythemia sequence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPS<\/jats:styled-content>) is recognized increasingly antenatally by the demonstration of an anemic twin and a polycythemic cotwin using the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA\u2010PSV<\/jats:styled-content>). While the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA\u2010PSV<\/jats:styled-content> has been shown to correlate well with anemia in singleton fetuses, the evidence to support its use to diagnose fetal polycythemia appears to be less clear\u2010cut. We aimed to evaluate fetal, neonatal and adult literature used to support the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA\u2010PSV<\/jats:styled-content> for the diagnosis of polycythemia. Comprehensive literature searches were performed for ultrasound evidence of polycythemia in the human fetus, neonate and adult using key search terms. Only manuscripts in the English language with an abstract were considered for the review, performed in June 2014.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Fifteen manuscripts were found for the human fetus, including 38 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPS<\/jats:styled-content>. Nine of these defined fetal polycythemia as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA\u2010PSV<\/jats:styled-content> &lt; 0.8 multiples of the median (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoM<\/jats:styled-content>), five used &lt; 1.0 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoM<\/jats:styled-content> and one used 0.8\u20131.0 MoM. Only two studies, involving a total of 15 cases, proposed a diagnostic level, acknowledging false\u2010positive and \u2010negative cases, though neither reported sensitivities or specificities. Six neonatal studies (96 neonates) demonstrated evidence of decreased cerebral velocities in polycythemia and a consequent increase with hemodilution. In the adult, five studies (57 polycythemic adults) demonstrated increased flow or velocity with hemodilution. Neither neonatal nor adult studies conclusively defined levels for screening for polycythemia. Despite widespread adoption of a cut\u2010off of &lt; 0.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoM<\/jats:styled-content> in the published literature for the polycythemic fetus in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPS<\/jats:styled-content>, this is based upon minimal evidence, with unknown sensitivity and specificity. We recommend caution in excluding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAPS<\/jats:styled-content> based purely upon the absence of a reduced MCA\u2010PSV. Copyright \u00a9 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T07:06:48Z","timestamp":1420700808000},"page":"152-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Review of the correlation between blood flow velocity and polycythemia in the fetus, neonate and adult: appropriate diagnostic levels need to be determined for twin anemia\u2013polycythemia sequence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Lucewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology Westmead Hospital  Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's &amp; Children's Health University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's &amp; Children's Health University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St George Hospital  Kogarah NSW Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Perinatal Science University of New South Wales  Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"Department of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Royal Hospital for Women  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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