{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T13:12:17Z","timestamp":1770469937650,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,25]],"date-time":"2015-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission FP7","award":["601852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["601852"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"The Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the contribution of maternal variables which influence the measured level of maternal serum alpha\u2010fetoprotein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content>) in screening for pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> was measured in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for three routine hospital visits at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096, 19\u2009+\u20090 to 24\u2009+\u20096 and 30\u2009+\u20090 to 34\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks' gestation. For pregnancies delivering phenotypically normal live births or stillbirths\u2009\u2265\u200924\u2009weeks' gestation, variables from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history that are important in the prediction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> were determined from a linear mixed\u2010effects multiple regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> was measured in 17\u2009071 cases in the first trimester, 8583 in the second trimester and 8607 in the third trimester. Significant independent contributions to serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> were provided by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, gestational age at delivery and birth\u2010weight <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score of the neonate of the previous pregnancy and interpregnancy interval. Cigarette smoking was found to significantly affect serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> in the first trimester only. The machine used to measure serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> was also found to have a significant effect. Random\u2010effects multiple regression analysis was used to define the contribution of maternal variables that influence the measured level of serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> and express the values as multiples of the median (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoMs<\/jats:styled-content>). The model was shown to provide an adequate fit of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoM<\/jats:styled-content> values for all covariates, both in pregnancies that developed pre\u2010eclampsia and in those without this pregnancy complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A model was fitted to express measured serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFP<\/jats:styled-content> across the three trimesters of pregnancy as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoMs<\/jats:styled-content>, after adjusting for variables from maternal characteristics and medical history that affect this measurement. Copyright \u00a9 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T17:32:01Z","timestamp":1423071121000},"page":"34-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Serum alpha\u2010fetoprotein in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"F. 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