{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:04:22Z","timestamp":1790870662360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission FP7","award":["601852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["601852"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"The Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the contribution of maternal variables which influence the measured level of maternal serum free \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>) in screening for pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and serum free \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> was measured in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for three routine hospital visits at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096, 19\u2009+\u20090 to 24\u2009+\u20096 and 30\u2009+\u20090 to 34\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks' gestation. For pregnancies delivering phenotypically normal live births or stillbirths <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\u200924\u2009weeks' gestation, variables from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history that are important in the prediction of free \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> were determined from a linear mixed\u2010effects multiple regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum free \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> was measured in 94\u2009985 cases in the first trimester, 7879 in the second trimester and 8424 in the third trimester. Significant independent contributions to serum free \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> were provided by gestational age, maternal weight, age and racial origin, cigarette smoking, method of conception, diabetes mellitus and family history of pre\u2010eclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>) in the mother of the patient. The effects of some variables were similar and those for others differed in each trimester. Random\u2010effects multiple regression analysis was used to define the contribution of maternal variables that influence the measured level of serum free \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> and express the values as multiples of the median (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoMs<\/jats:styled-content>). The model was shown to provide an adequate fit of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoM<\/jats:styled-content> values for all covariates both in pregnancies that developed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> and in those without this pregnancy complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A model was fitted to express measured serum free \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content> across the three trimesters of pregnancy as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MoMs<\/jats:styled-content> after adjusting for variables from maternal characteristics and medical history that affect this measurement. Copyright \u00a9 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,2]],"date-time":"2015-04-02T22:17:49Z","timestamp":1428013069000},"page":"51-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Serum free \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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