{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:49:32Z","timestamp":1791377372835,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>To explore the outcome in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa anomalies apparently isolated on ultrasound imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content> and EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> were searched electronically utilizing combinations of relevant medical subject headings for \u2018posterior fossa\u2019 and \u2018outcome\u2019. The posterior fossa anomalies analyzed were Dandy\u2013Walker malformation (DWM<\/jats:styled-content>), mega cisterna magna (MCM<\/jats:styled-content>), Blake's pouch cyst (BPC<\/jats:styled-content>) and vermian hypoplasia (VH<\/jats:styled-content>). The outcomes observed were rate of chromosomal abnormalities, additional anomalies detected at prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI<\/jats:styled-content>), additional anomalies detected at postnatal imaging and concordance between prenatal and postnatal diagnoses. Only isolated cases of posterior fossa anomalies \u2013 defined as having no cerebral or extracerebral additional anomalies detected on ultrasound examination \u2013 were included in the analysis. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. We used meta\u2010analyses of proportions to combine data and fixed\u2010 or random\u2010effects models according to the heterogeneity of the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Twenty\u2010two studies including 531 fetuses with posterior fossa anomalies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with isolated DWM<\/jats:styled-content> was 16.3% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 8.7\u201325.7%). The prevalence of additional central nervous system (CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) abnormalities that were missed at ultrasound examination and detected only at prenatal MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was 13.7% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.2\u201342.6%), and the prevalence of additional CNS<\/jats:styled-content> anomalies that were missed at prenatal imaging and detected only after birth was 18.2% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 6.2\u201334.6%). Prenatal diagnosis was not confirmed after birth in 28.2% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 8.5\u201353.9%) of cases. MCM<\/jats:styled-content> was not significantly associated with additional anomalies detected at prenatal MRI<\/jats:styled-content> or detected after birth. Prenatal diagnosis was not confirmed postnatally in 7.1% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.3\u201314.5%) of cases. The rate of chromosomal anomalies in fetuses with isolated BPC<\/jats:styled-content> was 5.2% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.9\u201312.7%) and there was no associated CNS<\/jats:styled-content> anomaly detected at prenatal MRI<\/jats:styled-content> or only after birth. Prenatal diagnosis of BPC<\/jats:styled-content> was not confirmed after birth in 9.8% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.9\u201320.1%) of cases. The rate of chromosomal anomalies in fetuses with isolated VH<\/jats:styled-content> was 6.5% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.8\u201317.1%) and there were no additional anomalies detected at prenatal MRI<\/jats:styled-content> (0% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.0\u201345.9%)). The proportions of cerebral anomalies detected only after birth was 14.2% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.9\u201331.9%). Prenatal diagnosis was not confirmed after birth in 32.4% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 18.3\u201348.4%) of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>DWM<\/jats:styled-content> apparently isolated on ultrasound imaging is a condition with a high risk for chromosomal and associated structural anomalies. Isolated MCM<\/jats:styled-content> and BPC<\/jats:styled-content> have a low risk for aneuploidy or associated structural anomalies. The small number of cases with isolated VH<\/jats:styled-content> prevents robust conclusions regarding their management from being drawn. Copyright \u00a9 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T12:59:03Z","timestamp":1431521943000},"page":"690-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of isolated posterior fossa malformations on prenatal ultrasound imaging (part 1): nomenclature, diagnostic accuracy and associated anomalies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"D'Antonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences St George's University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences St George's University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Garel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital d'Enfants Armand\u2010Trousseau \u2013 Service de Radiologie Cedex 12 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sant'Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universit\u00e0 di Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Lerman\u2010Sagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Neurology Clinic and Paediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bhide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences St George's University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Thilaganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences St George's University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Manzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences University of Chieti\u2010Pescara, and EMISAC, CeSI Biotech Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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