{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:56:04Z","timestamp":1787504164338,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n The left brachiocephalic vein (\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), or innominate vein, connects the left jugular vein to the right superior vena cava. Its course is posterior to the thymus and directly anterior and superior to the aortic arch. Pediatric and adult cardiology studies have reported on the subaortic or retrotracheal courses of the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the presence of double\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n . We observed recently in the fetus that the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n may have a course through the thymus (intrathymic) or be absent in the presence of a left superior vena cava. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of isolated intrathymic and absent\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n in normal fetuses undergoing second\u2010trimester ultrasound screening, as well as the prevalence of other courses in association with cardiac anomalies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In the prospective part of this study, consecutive second\u2010trimester ultrasound examinations were evaluated to assess the presence and course of the fetal\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In the retrospective case\u2013control part of this study, the databases of two fetal medicine centers were reviewed for cardiac anomalies and the pattern and prevalence of anomalous courses of the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n were reported.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n One thousand four hundred and eighteen consecutive fetuses were examined prospectively. An intrathymic course of the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n with a typical bent shape was found in 1.76% (1\u2009:\u200957) of cases and the absence of a\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n in association with a persistent left superior vena cava (\n LSVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was found in 0.28% (1\u2009:\u2009350). All fetuses with an isolated intrathymic course or absence of the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a normal outcome. Over a period of 4.5\u2009years, a total of 1544 fetuses with cardiac malformations were reviewed at two centers. Among these, an anomalous course of the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n was noted in eight (0.5%) cases: six subaortic, one retrotracheal and one double\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n An intrathymic\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a common condition and appears to be a normal variant in the fetus. The prevalence of a\n LSVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in our screening population was similar to that reported in previous studies. Anomalous courses of the\n LBCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n are seen occasionally in cases with cardiac malformation. Copyright \u00a9 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,24]],"date-time":"2015-10-24T10:29:25Z","timestamp":1445682565000},"page":"464-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Intrathymic and other anomalous courses of the left brachiocephalic vein in the fetus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Karl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prenatal Diagnosis Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Sinkovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA 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