{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:28:57Z","timestamp":1782307737188,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop an objective method for visualizing and measuring the fetal optic chiasm (OC) using transvaginal two\u2010dimensional (2D)  ultrasound in the coronal plane and to report measurements in fetuses with agenesis of the septum pellucidum (SP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective cross\u2010sectional study of 115 morphologically normal fetuses in low\u2010risk pregnancies, between 21 and 30 weeks' gestation. The OC was measured in a coronal plane at the level of the third ventricle and was seen as a horizontally aligned dumbbell\u2010shaped structure of moderate echogenicity. In addition, OC measurements from eight fetuses with agenesis of the SP and complete follow\u2010up were compared with the reference range.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OC measurements were obtained in 110\/115 normal fetuses and showed that OC increases linearly with gestational age. Our method of measurement demonstrated good intraobserver repeatability and excellent interobserver reproducibility. Among the eight fetuses with agenesis of the SP, five had normal OC measurements and five had normal vision postnatally. Pregnancy continued to term in all cases and the follow\u2010up period varied from 6 months to 7 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrates that it is possible to visualize and measure the OC directly on a 2D ultrasound coronal plane. In fetuses with agenesis of the SP, the morphology and width of the OC visual pathway could prove a relevant tool for assessing its development. It would also help in the difficult task of providing antenatal counseling when faced with the diagnosis of agenesis of the SP. Copyright \u00a9 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T13:15:38Z","timestamp":1453122938000},"page":"733-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Two\u2010dimensional visualization and measurement of the fetal optic chiasm: improving counseling for antenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the septum pellucidum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Vi\u00f1als","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro AGB Ultrasonograf\u00eda, Cl\u00ednica Sanatorio Alem\u00e1n and Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n  Concepci\u00f3n Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro AGB Ultrasonograf\u00eda, Cl\u00ednica Sanatorio Alem\u00e1n and Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n  Concepci\u00f3n Chile"},{"name":"Hospital Costa del Sol  Marbella Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal and Neonatal Ultrasound Department Hospital Fernando Fonseca  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department Hospital Lus\u00edadas  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2628"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1787"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-012-0209-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1378-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.171.1.2928524"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199309000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8847"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Clinical Neuro\u2010Ophthalmology","author":"Rizzo J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70420-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.08010042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1481"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"553","article-title":"Optic chiasm position on MR images","volume":"11","author":"Doyle A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"Measurement of the normal optic chiasm on coronal MR images","volume":"18","author":"Wagner A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"MRI of optic chiasm and optic pathways","volume":"7","author":"Albert A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2171(01)90002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358519"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3959"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6343"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000128983.54614.7E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Ultrasonography of the Prenatal Brain","author":"Pilu G","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(00)00173-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.129065"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9069"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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