{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:33:40Z","timestamp":1792701220115,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,5]],"date-time":"2017-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000769","name":"University of Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Estimated fetal weight (EFW<\/jats:styled-content>) and fetal biometry are complementary measures used to screen for fetal growth disturbances. Our aim was to provide international EFW<\/jats:styled-content> standards to complement the INTERGROWTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021st<\/jats:sup> Fetal Growth Standards that are available for use worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Women with an accurate gestational\u2010age assessment, who were enrolled in the prospective, international, multicenter, population\u2010based Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS<\/jats:styled-content>) and INTERBIO<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021st<\/jats:sup> Fetal Study (FS<\/jats:styled-content>), two components of the INTERGROWTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021st<\/jats:sup> Project, had ultrasound scans every 5 weeks from 9\u201314 weeks' until 40 weeks' gestation. At each visit, measurements of fetal head circumference (HC<\/jats:styled-content>), biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, abdominal circumference (AC<\/jats:styled-content>) and femur length (FL<\/jats:styled-content>) were obtained blindly by dedicated research sonographers using standardized methods and identical ultrasound machines. Birth weight was measured within 12\u2009h of delivery by dedicated research anthropometrists using standardized methods and identical electronic scales. Live babies without any congenital abnormality, who were born within 14 days of the last ultrasound scan, were selected for inclusion. As most births occurred at around 40 weeks' gestation, we constructed a bootstrap model selection and estimation procedure based on resampling of the complete dataset under an approximately uniform distribution of birth weight, thus enriching the sample size at extremes of fetal sizes, to achieve consistent estimates across the full range of fetal weight. We constructed reference centiles using second\u2010degree fractional polynomial models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of the overall population, 2404 babies were born within 14 days of the last ultrasound scan. Mean time between the last scan and birth was 7.7 (range, 0\u201314) days and was uniformly distributed. Birth weight was best estimated as a function of AC<\/jats:styled-content> and HC<\/jats:styled-content> (without FL<\/jats:styled-content>) as log(EFW<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u20095.084820\u2009\u2212\u200954.06633\u2009\u00d7\u2009(AC<\/jats:styled-content>\/100)3<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2212\u200995.80076\u2009\u00d7\u2009(AC<\/jats:styled-content>\/100)3<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u00d7\u2009log(AC<\/jats:styled-content>\/100)\u2009+\u20093.136370\u2009\u00d7\u2009(HC<\/jats:styled-content>\/100), where EFW<\/jats:styled-content> is in g and AC<\/jats:styled-content> and HC<\/jats:styled-content> are in cm. All other measures, gestational age, symphysis\u2013fundus height, amniotic fluid indices and interactions between biometric measures and gestational age, were not retained in the selection process because they did not improve the prediction of EFW<\/jats:styled-content>. Applying the formula to FGLS<\/jats:styled-content> biometric data (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094231) enabled gestational age\u2010specific EFW<\/jats:styled-content> tables to be constructed. At term, the EFW<\/jats:styled-content> centiles matched those of the INTERGROWTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021st<\/jats:sup> Newborn Size Standards but, at\u2009<\u200937\u2009weeks' gestation, the EFW<\/jats:styled-content> centiles were, as expected, higher than those of babies born preterm. Comparing EFW<\/jats:styled-content> cross\u2010sectional values with the INTERGROWTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021st<\/jats:sup> Preterm Postnatal Growth Standards confirmed that preterm postnatal growth is a different biological process from intrauterine growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We provide an assessment of EFW<\/jats:styled-content>, as an adjunct to routine ultrasound biometry, from 22 to 40 weeks' gestation. However, we strongly encourage clinicians to evaluate fetal growth using separate biometric measures such as HC<\/jats:styled-content> and AC<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as EFW<\/jats:styled-content>, to avoid the minimalist approach of focusing on a single value. \u00a9 2016 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T01:16:43Z","timestamp":1488763003000},"page":"478-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":348,"title":["International estimated fetal weight standards of the INTERGROWTH<\/scp>\u201021st<\/sup> Project"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Stirnemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternit\u00e9 Necker\u2010Enfants Malades AP\u2010HP & EA7328 Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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