{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:00:08Z","timestamp":1784862008278,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate pelvic floor biometry of women 3\u20135\u2009years after their first delivery. The effect of a subsequent delivery and the mode of delivery on pelvic floor biometry were also studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010hundred and twenty\u2010eight women who had been examined by translabial ultrasound during their first singleton pregnancy and at 8\u2009weeks and 1\u2009year postpartum, were invited for a follow\u2010up 3\u20135\u2009years later. The positions of the bladder neck, cervix, anorectal junction and hiatal area (HA) were evaluated using translabial ultrasound. The effects of parity, mode of delivery and levator ani muscle avulsion were studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 240 women completed the study. Of these, 179 had one or more vaginal deliveries (VD) (VD\u2010only group), 52 had one or more Cesarean sections (CS) (CS\u2010only group) and nine had both VD and CS at follow\u2010up. The mean interval between the first delivery and follow\u2010up was 3.8\u2009years. A significantly lower bladder neck and anorectal junction on Valsalva, a lower cervix at rest, on Valsalva and pelvic floor muscle contraction, and a greater HA were observed in the VD\u2010only group at follow\u2010up, compared with findings at 1\u2009year of follow\u2010up or in the first pregnancy. The findings were similar in the CS\u2010only group, except without a lower anorectal junction on Valsalva. Compared with the primiparous VD\u2010only group, a greater HA at rest was observed in the multiparous VD\u2010only group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027). The VD\u2010only group had a greater HA than the CS\u2010only group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 3\u20135\u2009years after first delivery, a lower bladder neck, cervix and anorectal junction, and a greater HA were observed compared with findings in the first trimester and at 1\u2009year of follow\u2010up, regardless of parity or mode of delivery. Women with two or more VDs had a greater HA compared with those who had only one VD, and women with at least one VD had a greater HA compared with those who delivered by CS only. Copyright \u00a9 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]],"date-time":"2017-02-25T08:18:47Z","timestamp":1488010727000},"page":"246-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Longitudinal pelvic floor biometry: which factors affect it?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1452-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. S. C.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9829-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Y. K.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. L.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6362-8546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. K. H.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178779.62181.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Do major defects of the levator ani muscle heal within the first 6 months postpartum?","volume":"32","author":"Staer\u2010Jensen J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2340-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181985312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.16009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2677-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2784-8"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.17446","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.17446","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/uog.17446","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.17446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T20:24:06Z","timestamp":1694723046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.17446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.17446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.17446","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-02-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}