{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:42:30Z","timestamp":1787496150855,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HHSN275201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201300006C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the performance of color and bidirectional power Doppler ultrasound combined with Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in examining the fetal heart.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A prospective cohort study was conducted of fetuses in the second and third trimesters with a normal heart or with congenital heart disease (\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). One or more spatiotemporal image correlation (\n STIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) volume datasets, combined with color or bidirectional power Doppler (S\u2010flow) imaging, were acquired in the apical four\u2010chamber view. Each successfully obtained\n STIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n volume was evaluated by\n STICLoop<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2122 to determine its appropriateness before applying the\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n method. Visualization rates for standard fetal echocardiography views using diagnostic planes and\/or Virtual Intelligent Sonographer Assistance (\n VIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Assistance\u00ae) were calculated for grayscale (removal of Doppler signal), color Doppler and S\u2010flow Doppler. In four cases with\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (one case each of tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart and coarctation of the aorta, interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos vein continuation and asplenia, and coarctation of the aorta with tricuspid regurgitation and hydrops), the diagnostic potential of this new technology was presented.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 169\n STIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n volume datasets of the normal fetal heart (color Doppler,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 78; S\u2010flow Doppler,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 91) were obtained from 37 patients. Only a single\n STIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n volume of color Doppler and\/or a single volume of S\u2010flow Doppler per patient were analyzed using\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Therefore, 60\n STIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n volumes (color Doppler,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 27; S\u2010flow Doppler,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 33) comprised the final study group. Median gestational age at sonographic examination was 23 (interquartile range, 21\u201327.5) weeks. Color Doppler\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n generated nine fetal echocardiography views (grayscale) using (1) diagnostic planes in 73\u2013100% of cases, (2)\n VIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Assistance in 100% of cases, and (3) a combination of diagnostic planes and\/or\n VIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Assistance in 100% of cases. The rate of generating successfully eight fetal echocardiography views with appropriate color and S\u2010flow Doppler information was 89\u2013100% and 91\u2013100% of cases, respectively, using a combination of diagnostic planes and\/or\n VIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010Assistance. However, the success rate for the ninth echocardiography view (i.e. superior and inferior venae cavae) was 33% and 30% for color and S\u2010flow Doppler, respectively. In all four cases of\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , color Doppler\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n demonstrated evidence of abnormal fetal cardiac anatomy and\/or hemodynamic flow.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n method applied to\n STIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n volumes of normal fetal hearts acquired with color or bidirectional power Doppler information can generate successfully eight to nine standard fetal echocardiography views (via grayscale, color Doppler or power Doppler) in the second and third trimesters. In cases of\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , color Doppler\n FINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n demonstrates successfully abnormal anatomy and\/or Doppler flow characteristics. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.\n Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology<\/jats:italic>\n published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T20:02:38Z","timestamp":1502740958000},"page":"476-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Color and power Doppler combined with Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (\n FINE<\/scp>\n ) to evaluate the fetal heart"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6389-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Bethesda MD and Detroit, MI USA"},{"name":"Detroit Medical Center Hutzel Women's Hospital Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Bethesda MD and Detroit, MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University Detroit MI 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