{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T14:42:13Z","timestamp":1772030533649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,22]],"date-time":"2005-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate renal function and the need for postnatal treatment\u2014antibiotic therapy and\/or surgery\u2014in relation to the grade of fetal renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) found on third\u2010trimester ultrasound examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The retrospective study included 78 children, born between 1995 and 2000, with 115 dilated fetal renal pelvic units. The children were allocated to three groups based on pelvic anteroposterior diameter (APD) detected on third\u2010trimester ultrasound: APDs of 7\u20139.9 mm, 10\u201314.9 mm and \u2265 15 mm were classified as mild dilatation, moderate hydronephrosis and severe hydronephrosis, respectively. Renal function was assessed by scintigraphy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the 20 children with mild dilatation experienced a urinary tract infection (UTI) or underwent surgery; two had associated renal or urinary tract abnormalities. In contrast, five out of 22 (23%) children with moderate hydronephrosis and 23 out of 36 (64%) with severe hydronephrosis had either a UTI or required surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001); associated abnormalities were also more common (6 out of 22 and 15 out of 36, respectively). There was no significant correlation between the grade of antenatal RPD and postnatal ipsilateral renal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The need for postnatal treatment increased significantly with the grade of antenatal RPD. Children with antenatal mild dilatation were discharged early from follow\u2010up whereas those with moderate and severe fetal hydronephrosis needed close follow\u2010up by a multidisciplinary team. Copyright \u00a9 2005 ISUOG. 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