{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:33:18Z","timestamp":1792888398293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no consensus in current practice guidelines on whether conception by <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF)\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) techniques is an indication for performing a fetal echocardiogram. The aim of the study was to assess whether congenital heart defects (CHD) occur more often in pregnancies conceived after  IVF\/ICSI as compared with those conceived spontaneously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search for studies was conducted of PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus from inception to September 2017. The search included the following medical subject heading (MeSH) terms alone or in different combinations: \u2018IVF\u2019, \u2018IVF\/ICSI\u2019, \u2018ART pregnancy\u2019, \u2018assisted conception\u2019, \u2018birth defect\u2019, \u2018congenital heart defects\u2019 and \u2018congenital malformation or abnormalities\u2019. Studies comparing neonatal incidence of CHD in pregnancies conceived after IVF\/ICSI and those conceived spontaneously were included. Studies reporting on other types of assisted reproductive technology (ART) or lacking information concerning termination of pregnancy were excluded. Chromosomal abnormalities were excluded in all analyzed studies. A meta\u2010analysis of selected cohort studies was conducted to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI using a random\u2010effects model. Statistical heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated with the <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic and <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one studies were identified for review including six case\u2013control and 35 cohort studies. Data of eight selected cohort studies were used for meta\u2010analysis. A total of 25\u2009856 children conceived from IVF\/ICSI techniques and 287\u2009995 children conceived spontaneously, involving both singleton and multiple gestations, were included in the analysis. Total CHD events were 337\/25\u2009856 (1.30%) and 1952\/287\u2009995 (0.68%) in the IVF\/ICSI and spontaneous conception groups, respectively. The risk of CHD was significantly increased in the IVF\/ICSI group as compared with the spontaneous conception group (pooled OR, 1.45; 95%\u2009CI, 1.20\u20131.76; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200944%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08). In the subgroup of singleton IVF pregnancies, a significant difference was also obtained (OR, 1.55; 95%\u2009CI, 1.21\u20131.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200936%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.18) and also multiple confounding factors adjusted ORs showed statistical significance (pooled OR, 1.29; 95%\u2009CI, 1.03\u20131.60; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.43).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetuses conceived with IVF\/ICSI methods are at an increased risk of developing CHD compared with those conceived spontaneously. However, this finding deserves further investigation due to heterogeneity of both ART procedures and cardiac defects. Copyright \u00a9 2017 ISUOG. 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