{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T02:26:31Z","timestamp":1783736791875,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the differential diagnostic significance of a series of quantitative and qualitative variables of the cerebellar vermis in fetuses with posterior fossa cystic malformation, including Dandy\u2013Walker malformation (DWM), vermian hypoplasia (VH) and Blake's pouch cyst (BPC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study of confirmed cases of DWM, VH and BPC, diagnosed at the Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit of the Federico II University between January 2005 and June 2013 or the Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit of G. Gaslini Hospital between July 2013 and September 2017. All included cases had good\u2010quality three\u2010dimensional (3D) volume datasets of the posterior fossa, acquired by transvaginal ultrasound through the posterior fontanelle. The midsagittal view of the posterior fossa was the reference view for the study. We assessed brainstem\u2013tentorium angle and brainstem\u2013vermis angle (BVA), as well as craniocaudal (CCVD) and anteroposterior (APVD) vermian diameters and vermian area (VA), which were normalized by biparietal diameter (BPD) to take into account gestational age (CCVD\/BPD\u2009\u00d7\u2009100, APVD\/BPD\u2009\u00d7\u2009100 and VA\/BPD\u2009\u00d7\u2009100, respectively). Finally, the position of the fourth ventricular choroid plexus (4VCP) was defined as normal (\u2018up\u2019) or abnormal (\u2018down\u2019), relative to the roof\/cyst inlet of the fourth ventricle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 67 fetuses with posterior fossa malformations (24 cases of DWM, 13 of VH and 30 of BPC). The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 23.6\u2009weeks. Regardless of gestational age, the BVA differed significantly between the three groups, and the VA\/BPD was able to differentiate between VH and BPC. In differentiating between VH and BPC, the greatest areas under the receiver\u2013operating characteristics curve were those for VA\/BPD ratio. The 4VCP position was down in all cases of DWM and VH, while it was up in all cases of BPC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data support the concept that VA\/BPD ratio and 4VCP position may be used to differentiate between DWM, VH and BPC in the fetus. In our series, the position of the 4VCP had the highest accuracy, but a larger number of VH cases should be evaluated to confirm that an up position of the 4VCP indicates BPC while a down position indicates DWM or VH. Copyright \u00a9 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T05:50:53Z","timestamp":1536731453000},"page":"207-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hindbrain morphometry and choroid plexus position in differential diagnosis of posterior fossa cystic malformations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5102-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Paladini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Donarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sglavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Fulcheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetopathology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13296"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000200594.85483.8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0782-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20296"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3909"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198509844.001.0001","volume-title":"The statistical evaluation of medical tests for classification and prediction","author":"Pepe MS","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5256"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.910100104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"On the nature and mode of origin of the foramen of Magendie","volume":"71","author":"Wilson JT","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"The development of the human cerebrospinal fluid pathway with particular reference to the roof of the fourth ventricle","volume":"105","author":"Brocklehurst G.","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Anat"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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