{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:15:57Z","timestamp":1789420557752,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between different pre\u2010eclampsia (PE) phenotypes and the development of metabolic syndrome postpartum, in order to identify the subgroup of formerly pre\u2010eclamptic women with a worse cardiovascular risk profile requiring tailored postpartum follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cohort study of 1102 formerly pre\u2010eclamptic women in whom cardiovascular and cardiometabolic evaluation was performed at least 3 months postpartum. Women were divided into four subgroups based on PE resulting in delivery before\u200934 weeks (early\u2010onset (EO)) or at or after\u200934 weeks (late onset (LO)) of gestation and whether they delivered a small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) neonate. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed as the presence of hyperinsulinemia along with two or more of: body mass index \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; dyslipidemia; hypertension; and microalbuminuria or proteinuria. Data were compared between groups using ANOVA after Bonferroni correction. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression to determine the association between metabolic syndrome and the four subgroups. We constructed receiver\u2013operating characteristics curves and computed the area under the curve (AUC) to quantify the ability of different obstetric variables to distinguish between women who developed metabolic syndrome and those who did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women with EO\u2010PE and SGA (25.8%) than in those with EO\u2010PE without SGA (14.7%) (OR 2.01 (95% CI, 1.34\u20133.03)) and approximately five\u2010fold higher than in women with LO\u2010PE with SGA (5.6%) (OR 5.85 (95% CI, 2.60\u201313.10)). In women with LO\u2010PE, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between women with and those without SGA. Multivariate analysis revealed that a history of SGA, a history of EO\u2010PE and systolic blood pressure at the time of screening are the best predictors of developing metabolic syndrome postpartum. The AUC of the model combining these three variables was 74.6% (95% CI, 70.7\u201378.5%). The probability of the presence of metabolic syndrome was calculated as: P\u2009=\u20091\/(1\u2009+\u2009e<jats:sup>\u2013LP<\/jats:sup>), where LP is linear predictor\u2009=\u2009\u20138.693\u2009+\u2009(0.312\u2009\u00d7\u2009SGA (yes\u2009=\u20091))\u2009+\u2009(0.507\u2009\u00d7\u2009EO\u2010PE (yes\u2009=\u20091))\u2009+\u2009(0.053\u2009\u00d7\u2009systolic blood pressure).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of metabolic syndrome postpartum was associated more strongly with EO\u2010PE in combination with SGA as compared with LO\u2010PE or EO\u2010PE without SGA. Both time of onset of PE and fetal growth affect the risk of metabolic syndrome after a pre\u2010eclamptic pregnancy. Copyright \u00a9 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T02:14:10Z","timestamp":1537755250000},"page":"64-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Metabolic syndrome and pre\u2010eclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. C. E.","family":"Hooijschuur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) and GROW  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ghossein\u2010Doha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) and GROW  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC)  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. W.","family":"De Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC)  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A. M.","family":"Zandbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus Medical Centre (EMC)  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M. J.","family":"Van Kuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC)  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E. 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