{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:52:30Z","timestamp":1783072350455,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL63174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL63174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives of this study were, first, to evaluate the association between fetal echocardiographic atrioventricular (AV) and magnetocardiographic (fMCG) PR intervals at different gestational ages (GAs) in normal and anti\u2010Ro\/SSA\u2010antibody\u2010positive pregnancies; second, to determine if PR interval could be predicted by AV interval; and third, to assess the neonatal outcome of fetuses with prolonged AV and PR intervals, with the goal of developing criteria for fetal first\u2010degree AV block (AVB\u2010I).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study of anti\u2010Ro\/SSA\u2010antibody\u2010positive pregnancies (cases) and controls that underwent fMCG and fetal echocardiography at the same recording session. Cardiac cycle length, GA and AV (by mitral inflow\/aortic outflow Doppler) and PR (by fMCG) intervals were measured. We tested for significant differences between AV and PR intervals using generalized estimating equations to account for repeat measurements, and assessed whether PR interval could be predicted reliably by AV interval. After delivery, infants with fetal AV or PR interval <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score \u2265\u20093 underwent 12\u2010lead electrocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine controls and 31 cases underwent 46 and 36 simultaneous fMCG and echocardiographic examinations, respectively; 101 controls and nine cases underwent fMCG only.  AV and PR intervals increased with GA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for both). Overall, AV and PR intervals were significantly different from each other (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); this difference was not significant when compared between cases and controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.222). PR interval could not be predicted accurately from AV interval and GA alone. Three of four cases with AV and PR interval <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores &gt;\u2009+\u20093 had postnatal AVB\u2010I despite treatment. The fourth fetus, which had predominately second\u2010degree AVB and rare periods of AVB\u2010I, progressed to third\u2010degree AVB despite treatment with dexamethasone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnostic threshold for AVB\u2010I, defined by AV interval <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score, is GA dependent. Based on the observed data, an AV interval  <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score threshold of 3 (AV interval, 151\u2013167\u2009ms) may be appropriate. Echocardiographic AV interval was not predictive of fMCG\u2010PR interval. Copyright \u00a9 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T02:13:36Z","timestamp":1550628816000},"page":"625-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Assessment of atrioventricular conduction by echocardiography and magnetocardiography in normal and anti\u2010Ro\/SSA\u2010antibody\u2010positive pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9085-0882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. F.","family":"Cuneo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora CO USA"},{"name":"The Colorado Fetal Care Center, Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bitant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics The University of Wisconsin  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Strasburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Kaizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Informatics University of Colorado  Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. T.","family":"Wakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics The University of Wisconsin  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00867-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074256"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02130-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.707661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.099242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00100-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.889198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000318345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"HarrellFEJr.(2018). rms: Regression Modeling Strategies. 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