{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:38:23Z","timestamp":1791463103999,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the risks of maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancies with macrosomia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a large maternity unit in the UK between January 2009 and December 2016. The incidence of maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancies with macrosomia, defined as birth weight (BW) &gt;\u20094000\u2009g, and in those with severe macrosomia, defined as BW &gt;\u20094500\u2009g, was compared with that in pregnancies with normal BW (2500\u20134000\u2009g). Regression analysis was performed to determine odds ratios (ORs) for complications in macrosomic pregnancies compared to those with normal BW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population of 35\u2009548 pregnancies included 4522 (12.7%) with macrosomia, of which 643 (1.8%) had severe macrosomia, and 31\u2009026 (87.3%) with normal BW. In the macrosomia group, the adjusted OR was 3.1 (95% CI, 2.6\u20133.6) for Cesarean section for failure to progress, 2.4 (95% CI, 2.0\u20133.0) for severe postpartum hemorrhage, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.9\u20132.8) for obstetric anal sphincter injury, 10.4 (95% CI, 8.6\u201312.6) for shoulder dystocia, 28.5 (95% CI, 8.9\u201390.7) for obstetric brachial plexus injury, 32.3 (95% CI, 3.8\u2013278.2) for birth fractures and 4.4 (95% CI, 2.2\u20138.8) for hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy. The respective values in pregnancies with severe macrosomia were 4.3 (95% CI, 3.1\u20136.1), 2.9 (95% CI, 1.9\u20134.4), 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9\u20135.1), 28.7 (95% CI, 20.8\u201339.8), 73.9 (95% CI, 15.1\u2013363.2), 87.2 (95% CI, 7.7\u2013985.0) and 13.8 (95% CI, 5.2\u201336.8).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrosomia is associated with serious adverse perinatal outcomes. This study provides accurate estimates of  risks to aid in pregnancy management. Copyright \u00a9 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T07:44:27Z","timestamp":1554191067000},"page":"319-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Maternal and neonatal complications of fetal macrosomia: cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Beta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fiolna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oliver Fisher Neonatal Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Akolekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences Canterbury Christ Church University  Chatham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11204"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001767"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13268"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00154-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1252746"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(90)90348-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1994.tb00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883340"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1044-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Fetal Macrosomia at a Tertiary Care Centre in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"Adegbola O","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nig Q J Hosp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12952"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","volume-title":"Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","volume-title":"Operative vaginal delivery (Green\u2010top guideline No. 26)","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680009300703"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"e106","article-title":"Prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"124","author":"Mavrides E","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135626229900500601"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","volume-title":"Shoulder Dystocia (Green Top Guideline No. 42)","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993858"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1591"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2016-0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.02059.x"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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