{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:56:31Z","timestamp":1788270991033,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010113","name":"Wilhelm och Else Stockmanns Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010113","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both excessive and restricted fetal growth are associated with changes in cardiac geometry and function at birth. There are significant issues when indexing cardiac parameters for body size in the neonatal period. The aims of this study were to determine to what extent cardiac geometry is dependent on body size in term and preterm neonates with restricted or excessive fetal growth and how this is affected by adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study of neonates born between 31 and 42\u2009weeks of gestation, divided into three groups: (1) small\u2010for\u2010gestational age (SGA, birth weight &gt;\u20092\u2009SD below the mean); (2) large\u2010for\u2010gestational age (LGA, birth weight &gt;\u20092\u2009SD above the mean); and (3) appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age controls (AGA, birth weight \u2264\u20092\u2009SD from the mean). Cardiac geometry and function were compared between the study groups, adjusting for body size. The potential impact of infant adiposity and maternal disease was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 174 neonates were included, of which 39 were SGA, 45 were LGA and 90 were AGA. Body size was reflected in cardiac dimensions, with differences in cardiac dimensions disappearing between the SGA and AGA groups when indexed for body surface area (BSA) or thoracic circumference. The same was true for the differences in atrial and ventricular areas between the LGA and AGA groups. However, left ventricular inflow and outflow tract dimensions did not follow this trend as, when indexed for BSA, they were associated negatively with adiposity, resulting in diminished dimensions in LGA compared with AGA and SGA neonates. Adiposity was associated positively with left ventricular mass, right ventricular length and area and right atrial area. The SGA group showed increased right ventricular fractional area change, possibly reflecting differences in the systolic function of the right ventricle. We found evidence of altered diastolic function between the groups, with the mitral valve inflow E\u2010 to lateral E\u2032\u2010wave peak velocity ratio being increased in the LGA group and decreased in the SGA group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac geometry is explained by body size in both term and preterm AGA and SGA infants. However, the nature of the relationship between body size and cardiac dimensions may be influenced by adiposity in LGA infants, leading to underestimation of left ventricular inflow and outflow tract dimensions when adjusted for BSA. Adjustments for thoracic circumference provide similar results to those for BSA. Copyright \u00a9 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1578394540000},"page":"864-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Differences in cardiac geometry in relation to body size among neonates with abnormal prenatal growth and body size at birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4956-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. F. W.","family":"Olander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. K. 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H.","family":"Ojala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sarkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.001490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80301-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.61.2.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7090270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.006979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91048-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.004657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1540","article-title":"Characteristic of recent fetal growth curves in Finland","volume":"105","author":"Pihkala J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Duodecim"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(49)90382-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80601-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.109058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951113002199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.10.016"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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