{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:28:57Z","timestamp":1782307737239,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Septo\u2010optic dysplasia (SOD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by varying combinations of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia and abnormal cavum septi pellucidi. It is suspected on prenatal imaging when there is non\u2010visualization or hypoplasia of the septal leaflets. Long\u2010term postnatal outcomes of fetuses with prenatally suspected SOD have been documented poorly. The aims of this study were to describe the natural history of deficient septal leaflets, to quantify the incidence of postnatally confirmed SOD and to document the visual, endocrine and long\u2010term neurodevelopmental outcomes of these infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an observational retrospective study of all fetuses with prenatal imaging showing isolated septal agenesis, assessed at a single tertiary center over an 11\u2010year period. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes and pre\u2010 and postnatal imaging findings were reviewed. Neonatal evaluations or fetal autopsy reports were assessed for confirmation of SOD. Ophthalmologic, endocrine, genetic and long\u2010term developmental evaluations were assessed. Imaging findings and outcome were compared between infants with and those without postnatally confirmed SOD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 214 fetuses presenting with septal absence on prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18 (8.4%) were classified as having suspected isolated septal agenesis suspicious for SOD. Uniform prenatal MRI findings in cases with suspected SOD included remnants of the leaflets of the cavum septi pellucidi, fused forniceal columns, normal olfactory bulbs and tracts and a normal optic chiasm. Twelve fetuses were liveborn and five (27.8%) had postnatally confirmed SOD. Only two of these five fetuses had additional prenatal imaging features (pituitary cyst, microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia) supporting a diagnosis of SOD. The other three confirmed SOD cases had no predictive prenatal or postnatal imaging findings that reliably differentiated them from cases without confirmed SOD. Visual and endocrine impairments were present in two (40%) and four (80%) cases with confirmed SOD, respectively. In those with visual and\/or endocrine impairment, developmental delay (median age at follow\u2010up, 2.5 (interquartile range, 2.5\u20137.0) years) was common (80%) and mostly severe. Neonates with isolated septal agenesis and a lack of visual or endocrine abnormalities to confirm SOD had normal development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only a quarter of fetuses with isolated septal agenesis suggestive of SOD will have postnatal confirmation of the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of SOD are variable, but neurodevelopmental delay may be more prevalent than thought formerly. \u00a9 2020 Authors. <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T19:02:16Z","timestamp":1584730936000},"page":"371-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Long\u2010term postnatal outcome of fetuses with prenatally suspected septo\u2010optic dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-4846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Shinar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Chitayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Selvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pruthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3034-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Van Mieghem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80392-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0055-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.171.1.2928524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(86)80075-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.2.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0594-2053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000053200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073817707300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818783460"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"772","article-title":"Optic nerve hypoplasia and hypopituitarism","volume":"5","author":"Ahmad T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ped Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-019-0844-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.26.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2938"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.22018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.22018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/uog.22018","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.22018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T09:43:43Z","timestamp":1693302223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.22018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.22018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.22018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}