{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:04:06Z","timestamp":1791911046689,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome by performing a systematic review of available published literature on pregnancies affected by COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effect of COVID\u201019 on pregnancy, perinatal and neonatal outcome. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wan Fang Data up to and including 20 April 2020 (studies were identified through PubMed alert after that date). For the search strategy, combinations of the following keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms were used: \u2018SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2019, \u2018COVID\u201019\u2019, \u2018coronavirus disease 2019\u2019, \u2018pregnancy\u2019, \u2018gestation\u2019, \u2018maternal\u2019, \u2018mother\u2019, \u2018vertical transmission\u2019, \u2018maternal\u2013fetal transmission\u2019, \u2018intrauterine transmission\u2019, \u2018neonate\u2019, \u2018infant\u2019 and \u2018delivery\u2019. Eligibility criteria included laboratory\u2010confirmed and\/or clinically diagnosed COVID\u201019, patient being pregnant on admission and availability of clinical characteristics, including at least one maternal, perinatal or neonatal outcome. Exclusion criteria were non\u2010peer\u2010reviewed or unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study, suspicion of duplicate reporting and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes. No language restrictions were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified a high number of relevant case reports and case series, but only 24 studies, including a total of 324 pregnant women with COVID\u201019, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. These comprised nine case series (eight consecutive) and 15 case reports. A total of 20 pregnant patients with laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 were included in the case reports. In the combined data from the eight consecutive case series, including 211 (71.5%) cases of laboratory\u2010confirmed and 84 (28.5%) of clinically diagnosed COVID\u201019, the maternal age ranged from 20 to 44\u2009years and the gestational age on admission ranged from 5 to 41\u2009weeks. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, dyspnea\/shortness of breath, fatigue and myalgia. The rate of severe pneumonia reported amongst the case series ranged from 0% to 14%, with the majority of the cases requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Almost all cases from the case series had positive computed tomography chest findings. All six and 22 cases that had nucleic\u2010acid testing in vaginal mucus and breast milk samples, respectively, were negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102). Only four cases of spontaneous miscarriage or termination were reported. In the consecutive case series, 219\/295 women had delivered at the time of reporting and 78% of them had Cesarean section. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41\u2009weeks. Apgar scores at both 1 and 5\u2009min ranged from 7 to 10. Only eight neonates had birth weight &lt;\u20092500\u2009g and nearly one\u2010third of neonates were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was one case of neonatal asphyxia and death. In 155 neonates that had nucleic\u2010acid testing in throat swab, all, except three cases, were negative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. There were no cases of maternal death in the eight consecutive case series. Seven maternal deaths, four intrauterine fetal deaths (one with twin pregnancy) and two neonatal deaths (twin pregnancy) were reported in a non\u2010consecutive case series of nine cases with severe COVID\u201019. In the case reports, two maternal deaths, one neonatal death and two cases of neonatal SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID\u201019 in pregnancy, there are insufficient good\u2010quality data to draw unbiased conclusions with regard to the severity of the disease or specific complications of COVID\u201019 in pregnant women, as well as vertical transmission, perinatal and neonatal complications. In order to answer specific questions in relation to the impact of COVID\u201019 on pregnant women and their fetuses, through meaningful good\u2010quality research, we urge researchers and investigators to present complete outcome data and reference previously published cases in their publications, and to record such reporting when the data of a case are entered into one or several registries. \u00a9 2020 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T02:33:18Z","timestamp":1589941998000},"page":"15-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":452,"title":["Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Juan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Peking University First Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. M.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"School of Medicine Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Research Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health in Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Peking University First Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3944-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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