{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:57:24Z","timestamp":1786978644216,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperechogenic kidneys are a relatively rare antenatal finding, which can generate significant parental anxiety due to uncertain prognosis. We report on the perinatal and infant outcomes of a large cohort of fetuses with antenatally diagnosed hyperechogenic kidneys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of all cases diagnosed prenatally with hyperechogenic kidneys between 2002 and 2017 in a large tertiary fetal medicine unit. Hyperechogenicity was defined as kidney parenchyma with greater echogenicity than that of the liver. Pregnancy, pathological and postnatal outcomes were collected from hospital and general practitioner records up to 1\u2009year of age. Abnormal renal outcome was defined as elevated creatinine beyond 6\u2009months of age, hypertension requiring medication or major kidney surgery, such as nephrectomy. Severe abnormal renal outcome was defined as the need for dialysis or kidney transplant at any stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three\u2010hundred and sixteen fetuses with hyperechogenic kidneys were identified at a mean gestational age of 21 (range, 13\u201337) weeks. The majority of cases (97%) had bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys. In the 265 cases with available follow\u2010up data, other associated renal tract abnormalities were identified prenatally in 36%, concomitant extrarenal structural abnormalities in 39% and abnormal karyotype in 15% of cases. Of the 316 included cases, 139 did not survive, including 105 terminations of pregnancy, five intrauterine deaths and 29 early neonatal deaths. Only 4.3% (6\/139) of these fetuses had isolated hyperechogenic kidneys while 28.1% (39\/139) had associated multiple renal tract abnormalities alongside hyperechogenic kidneys and over two\u2010thirds (67.6%; 94\/139) had concomitant extrarenal abnormalities. Of the 177 cases that survived beyond 1\u2009month of age, outcome data were available in 126. Of these, based on the antenatal findings, 60 (47.6%) cases had isolated hyperechogenic kidneys, 56 (44.4%) had associated renal structural abnormalities and 10 (7.9%) had additional extrarenal abnormalities. Considering renal outcome alone, kidney function was abnormal in 13 (21.7%), 10 (17.9%) and 0 (0%) infants in these three groups, respectively, although concurrent pathology clearly affected global outcome in the more complex cases. Neonatal mortality of 1.6% was observed in the isolated renal hyperechogenicity group. The presence of oligohydramnios or abnormal renal volume was not associated significantly with abnormal renal function (odds ratio (OR), 2.32 (99%\u2009CI, 0.54\u201310.02) and OR, 0.74 (99%\u2009CI, 0.21\u20132.59), respectively) in this group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperechogenic kidneys are often complicated by associated renal tract and extrarenal abnormalities, aberrant karyotype and genetic disease, and these factors have a greater effect on overall outcome than does kidney echogenicity. The renal outcome of fetuses with isolated hyperechogenic kidneys is good generally, with over 70% of cases having normal renal function postpartum. Importantly, for prognostic counseling, all of the fetuses in this non\u2010selected series with isolated hyperechogenic kidneys and normal amniotic fluid levels had normal renal outcome in infancy. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T08:30:08Z","timestamp":1591950608000},"page":"953-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Perinatal and infant outcome of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed hyperechogenic kidneys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Yulia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Aiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Johal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Whitten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ushakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. P.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J. D.","family":"Winyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephro\u2010Urology Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199502000-00051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.02055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670100604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.6.840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1738-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870140804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Programme NFAS.Screening for Down's syndrome: UK NSC Policy recommendations 2007\u20132010. 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